Biology 141 First Exam

Front 1

Their Shape

Back 1

Morphology

Front 2

Cells manufactured by bone marrow, which carry oxygen in the bloodstream

Back 2

Erythrocytes

Front 3

Secreted by kidneys, regulates erythrocyte synthesis

Back 3

Erythropoietin

Front 4

____ form tissues, _____ form organs, _____ work together as an organ system

Back 4

Cells, Tissues, Organs

Front 5

Four groups of cells are:

Back 5

Neurons, Muscle Cells, Epithelial Cells, and Connective Tissue cells

Front 6

Specialized to transmit information in the form of electrical signals

Back 6

Neurons

Front 7

Specialized to contract, thereby generating mechanical force and movement

Back 7

Muscle Cells

Front 8

Sheet like layer of cells on top of a thin underlying layer of non-cellular material called the basement membrane

Form barrier to keep body fluids separate from external environment

Found in lining of lungs, skin surface, linings of hallow organs

Back 8

Epithelial Cells

Front 9

Interior cavity of a hallow organ or vessel

Back 9

Lumen

Front 10

Secrete a product into a duct leading to the external environment (sweat glands, salivary glands)

Back 10

Exocrine

Front 11

Secrete hormones into the blood stream - ductless (pituitary gland, adrenal glands)

Back 11

Endocrine

Front 12

Most diverse of the four tissues

Physical support to anchor and link structures of body together

Examples: Bone , Tendons (link muscle to bone), Ligaments (link bone to bone), fat, blood & lymph

Back 12

Connective Tissue

Front 13

Collection of cells performing similar functions

Back 13

Tissues

Front 14

Composed of at least 2 tissue types & perform specific functions

Back 14

Organs

Front 15

Collection of organs - Perform particular task

Back 15

Organ System

Front 16

Allows certain types of molecules through more easily than others and excludes some molecules entirely

Back 16

Selectively Permeable

Front 17

Liquid non-cellular portion of the blood

Back 17

Plasma

Front 18

If regulated variable decreases

System responds to make it increase or decrease

Tends to be self correcting (Temperature

Maintains Homeostasis

Back 18

Negative Feedback

Front 19

4 basic types of biomolecules

Back 19

Carbs, Lipids, Amino Acids & Proteins, Nucleotides

Front 20

A molecule that contains both polar & non-polar regions

Back 20

Amphipathic

Front 21

Functions in synthesis of proteins to be packaged into vesicles

Back 21

Rough ER

Front 22

Found in epithelium which is specialized for molecular transport

Back 22

Tight Junctions

Front 23

Cells are connected by membrane proteins called connexons

Link to cytosol of two adjacent cells

Back 23

Gap Junctions

Front 24

Enzyme has two binding sites - Active site & Regulatory Site

Generally alters the affinity for substrate or catalytic rate of enzyme or both

Back 24

Allosteric Regulation

Front 25

Transport of molecules across a membrane which requires energy

Back 25

Active Transport

Front 26

Thermal energy as electromagnetic waves

Back 26

Radiation

Front 27

Thermal energy through contact

Back 27

Conduction

Front 28

Heat loss through evaporation of water

Back 28

Evaporation

Front 29

Heat transfer by movement of fluid or air

Back 29

Convection

Front 30

Relays signals to cells, tissues, organs that bring about final response

Thermoregulatory center in hypothalamus

Back 30

Integrating Center

Front 31

2-50 Amino Acids

Back 31

Peptide

Front 32

Synthesis, Input of Energy

Back 32

Anabolism

Front 33

Breakdown of Molecules, Releases energy

Back 33

Catabolism

Front 34

Process by which molecules move into and out of cells

Back 34

Membrane Transport

Front 35

The process in which RNA is synthesized using info contained in the DNA, occurs in the nucleus

Back 35

Transcription

Front 36

The process in which polypeptides are synthesized using mRNA codons as a template

Back 36

Translation

Front 37

Non-protein component required by an enzyme for the enzyme to function properly

Back 37

Cofactor

Front 38

Vitamin derived, do not themselves have catalytic activity, directly participate in the rxns catalyzed by their enzyme partners

Transfer small chemical groups from one rxn to another

Back 38

Coenzymes

Front 39

Amount of product produced per unit time

Back 39

Catalytic rate

Front 40

A measure of how tightly substrate molecules bind to its active site

Back 40

Affinity

Front 41

Arises due to membrane potential across membrane of most cells

Back 41

Electrical Driving Forced

Front 42

Total force acting on particles

Sum of chemical and electrical forced

Back 42

Electrochemical Driving Force

Front 43

Uses ATP or other energy source directly to transport substance

Back 43

Primary Active Transport