Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Function of skeletal system
|
support muscle attachment (motion) protection, blood cell formation, calcium and phosphate storage
|
|
How many bones in body?
|
206 (but many are repeats)
|
|
Axial Skeleton
|
the bones running down middle of body
|
|
parts of Vertebral column
|
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal, intervertebral disc
|
|
cervical
|
neck, will have 2 little holes on either side of big hole in middle. 7 of them
|
|
The holes in the cervical vertebrae on either side of the big hole are _____ ____?
|
Transverse Foramen
|
|
Thoracic vertebrae
|
chest, where ribs attach, 12 of them, an indention where rib attaches
|
|
Indention where ribs attach on the thoracic vertebrae?
|
Demi Facet
|
|
Lumbar vertebrae
|
lower back, tend to be biggest vertebrae, identify by lack of Transverse Forament and lack of Demi Facet.
|
|
Sacral vertebrae
|
fused into one bone,whole thing is sacrum, there are 5.
5 sacral = 1 sacrum |
|
Caudal vertebrae
|
Tail bone
|
|
Intervertebral disc
|
cartilidge that is found in between verebrae
|
|
Sternum
|
actually 3 bones, front of chest
|
|
manubrium
|
knob that makes up top of sternum
|
|
gladiolus
|
makes up middle of sternum
|
|
Xiphiod
|
makes up point at bottom of sternum
|
|
Skull
|
made up of 28 bones, with ear or 22 bones without ear
|
|
teeth
|
not considered bone
4 different types of teeth |
|
Incisors
|
front, top and bottom, mainly for tearing
|
|
Canine
|
sharp and pointed, for puncturing
|
|
Premolar
|
behind canine, flat for crushing
|
|
Molar
|
further back, flat, for crushing
|
|
Dental Formula
|
2-1-2-3
-------- 2-1-2-3 2-1-2-3 over 2-1-2-3 |
|
Ear
|
3 bones in each, Stapes (shaped like stirrup), Maleus (shaped like a mallet), and Incus (shaped like a
|
|
Ribs
|
24 ribs (12 pair)
|
|
True ribs
|
attach to vertebrae and sternum, 7 pair
|
|
False ribs
|
attach to vertebrae and cartilidge; not directly attached to sternum, 5 pair
|
|
Floating ribs
|
2 pair (the bottom 2 pair of false ribs); not attached to sternum at all
|
|
Wormian bones
|
extra bones in Axial skeleton, most often occur around skull, can be natural but more often due to accident/trauma
|
|
Hyoid
|
naturally occuring wormian bone. Hold larynx and vocal cords in place and enables speech
|
|
Appendicular Skeleton
|
everything that hangs off of the Axial skeleton
|
|
Pectoral girdle
|
shoulders and arms
|
|
clavicle
|
collar bone
|
|
scapula
|
shoulder blade
|
|
humerus
|
upper arm
|
|
radius
|
forearm
|
|
mannas
|
hand (for humans)
|
|
carpels
|
hand bones
|
|
metacarpels
|
hand bones
|
|
phalanges
|
fingers
|
|
Pelvic girdle
|
hips and legs
|
|
ilium
|
top of hip bone
|
|
ischium
|
back/rounded part of hip bone
|
|
pubis
|
front of hip bone
|
|
femur
|
upper leg/ thigh
|
|
tibia
|
lower leg/ calf
|
|
fibula
|
lower leg/ calf
|
|
tarsal
|
foot bones
|
|
metatarsal
|
foot bones
|
|
phalange
|
toes
|
|
sesmoid
|
extra bones in appendicular skeleton
|
|
patella
|
knee cap
|
|
baculum
|
penis bone
|
|
Epiphysis
|
the ends of the bone, anything past the epiphysial plate
|
|
Diaphysis
|
everything in between the epiphysial plate (shaft)
|
|
Periosteum
|
living tissue on outside of bone, allows for bone to grow bigger around
|
|
Cartilidge
|
acts as a cushion between bones
|
|
Epiphysial plate
|
a seperaion/growth line toward the ends of the long bones
|
|
where is the bone marrow located?
|
In the bone cavity
|
|
Compact bone
|
where bone cells are very close together, usually toward middle. has density of about cast iron
|
|
Spongy bone
|
where bone cells are more porous, usually toward ends of bone. has density of about wood
|
|
Osteoblasts
|
bone forming cells/ building them up
|
|
Osteoclast
|
bone destroying cells
|
|
Osteocyte
|
mature bone matrix (they are the bone)
|
|
Joints
|
anywhere 2 bones meet
3 basic types |
|
Immovable
|
called sutures - like in skull, pelvis, sternum, sacrum
|
|
Slightly moveable
|
sometimes called gliding joints - ribs, vertebrae, metacarpals, metatarsals
|
|
Moveable
|
called synovial joints
different types of moveable |
|
hinge
|
movement in a single plane - elbow, knee, toes, fingers
|
|
ball and socket
|
allows rotation - shoulder, hip
|
|
Pivot
|
allows rotation in one plane - neck (atlast and axis), elbow, radius and ulna
|
|
Saddle
|
allows movement in 2 planes and very little movement in other planes - wrist
|
|
Ligament
|
connects bone to bone
|
|
Muscle
|
moves the bones
|
|
Tendon
|
Connects bone to muscle
|
|
Bone
|
gives structure and protection
|
|
Cartilidge
|
cushion in joints
|
|
Synovial filament
|
produce synovial fluid
|
|
Synovial fluid
|
lubricate joints
|
|
Fractures
|
Break/ crack in bone
|
|
Complete
|
completely broken into at least 2 pieces
|
|
Incomplete
|
a crack in a long the bone
|
|
Greenstick
|
cracked but bent
|
|
Closed (simple)
|
complete break that does not penetrate skin
|
|
Open (compound)
|
complete break that penetrates through skin
|
|
Comminuted
|
bone is splintered or crushed
|
|
Impacted
|
bone or fragment is forced into marrow cavity
|
|
Pathologic
|
fracture due to age or illness
|
|
Kyphosis
|
in Vertebrae - vertical exaggeration of the thoracic vertebrae
|
|
Lordosis
|
in Vertebrae - vertical exaggeration of the lumbar vertebrae
|
|
Scoliosis
|
in vertebrae - lateral exaggeration of any of the vertebrae
|
|
Spina bifida
|
usually congenital (fetus or newborn) and usually top part vertebrae is missing
|
|
Rickets
|
softening of bone - vitamen D defiency
|
|
Herniated disc (slipped disc)
|
intervertebreal disc is ruptured
|
|
Osteoporosis
|
weakening of bone due to lack of estergen
|
|
Hope this helps you remember what it is.
|
this is a picture of someone with kyphosis
|
|
Hope this will help you remember what it is
|
this is a picture of someone with lordosis
|
|
sesamoid
|
extra bones in the Appendicular system
|
|
3 functions of the Muscle System?
|
(1) motion
(2) Posture (3) heat production |
|
muscle types
|
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
|
|
skeletal muscle
|
vountary, straited, skelaton
|
|
smooth muscle
|
involuntary, nonstriated -- digestive tract vessels liver
|
|
cardiac muscle
|
involuntary, straited, heart
|
|
masseter
|
jaw muscle
|
|
trapezius
|
over collar bone to the back
|
|
deltoid
|
shoulder
|
|
serratus anterior
|
ribs in front
|
|
rectus abdominis
|
down middle of abdomin
|
|
quadriceps group
|
thigh
|
|
gluteus maximus
|
butt
|
|
triceps
|
back, upper arm
|
|
rectus
|
eye muscle (4)
|
|
soleus
|
calf muscle
|
|
diaphragm
|
to move lungs along ribs
|
|
orbicularis oris
|
mouth
|
|
sternocleidomastoid
|
neck
|
|
pectoris major
|
breast muscle
|
|
external oblique
|
abdomen outter side
|
|
sartorius
|
hip across thigh to knee
|
|
hamstring group
|
back thigh
|
|
latissimus dorsi
|
back
|
|
gastrocnemius
|
calf muscle
|
|
Muscular dystrophy
|
any # of genetic disorders and always affect the muscles only
|
|
Fibrositis
|
inflammation of muscle cells
|
|
Fibrosis
|
dead muscle replaced by connective tissue (scar tissue)
|
|
Fibrillation
|
uncordinated movement or contraction of muscles
|
|
Cramp
|
involuntary contraction of a single muscle due to tetnus
|
|
Convulsion
|
involuntary contraction of muscle groups (due to high fever, poison)
|
|
Spasm
|
involuntary contraction of a single muscle for a short duration
|
|
Trichinosis
|
Fibrositis due to a parositic round worm called Trichinella spp.
|
|
diaphram
|
what area is circle and what muscle is outlined?
|
|
gastrocnemius
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
gluteus maximus
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
hamstring group
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
latissimus dorsi
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
masseter
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
orbicularis oris
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
pectoris major
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
quadriceps group
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
rectus abdominus
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
rectus
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
sartorius
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
serratus anterior
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
soleus
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
trapezius
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
deltoid
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
triceps
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
sternocleidomastoid
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|
|
External oblique
|
what is the blue line pointing to?
|