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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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made powerful microscopes
discovered single-cells organisms in pond water |
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Suppose that a proponent of the spontaneous generation hypothesis claimed that cells would appear in Pasteur's swan-necked flask eventually. According to this view, Pasteur did not allow enough time to pass before concluding that life does not originate spontaneously. What is the best response?
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If spontaneous generation did not occur after weeks or months, it is not reasonable to claim that it would occur later.
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lumen
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interior space of any hollow structure or organ.
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Negative control
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control in which you know nothing will happen
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Positive control
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in which you are forcing an outcome similar to what you would expect in your experiment
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Robert Hooke
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Discovered cells in cork sample.
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Francesco Redi
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meat in jar experiment to disprove spontaneous generation
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compounds that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements
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amphipathic
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passive transport
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transport of solutes across a membrane along electrochemical gradient whether facilitated or not
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active transport
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transport of solutes across a membrane against electrochemical gradient by proteins that use ATP
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nucleoid
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area of prokaryote where chromosome is
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plasmid
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gene carriers independent of chromosome
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nuclear lamina
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fibrous proteins that stiffen nuclear envelope
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Rough ER
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processes proteins
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Golgi Apparatus
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packages and ships proteins
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cisternae
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flattened, membranous sacks of the Golgi
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Smooth ER
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contains enzymes to catalyze lipid-reactions and Ca2+
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Peroxisomes
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centers for oxidation reactions
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lysosomes
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solid waste disposal and material storage
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phagocytosis
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endocytosis of smaller cell or food where lysosome digests it
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autophagy
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lysosome digests damaged organelle
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receptor mediated endocytosis
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creation of lysosome with help of Golgi vesicle
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null hypothesis
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what should be observed if the hypothesis being tested doesn't hold
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Science is...
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-a branch of knowledge dealing with a body of facts
-systematically arranged |
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Science shows
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the operation of general laws
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Science offers explanations for
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phenomena, within unified frameworks
problem-solving strategies for specific scientific theories |
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Science is both:
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incomplete and subject to modification
self-correcting |
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Science is performed in two general ways:
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descriptively, through observation
through experimentation |
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Q
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What is the question being asked?
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P
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What was the protocol/method?
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R
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What was the result?
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C
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What conclusions can be drawn?
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Fact
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– a truth established by observation
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Hypothesis
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– a tentative explanation or interpretation of data
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Law:
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a statement of a sequence of phenomena that is invariable under given conditions.
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Theory:
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A reasoned explanation of known facts or phenomena that serves as a basis of investigation to reach the truth.
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Systematic observation
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gathering facts
sampling |
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Intervention or Experimentation
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Isolate the subject
Simplify or control the phenomenon being studied Change one variable at a time Observe and record the effect |
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Hypothesis-making
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Make a general claim (hypothesis)
Devise experiments to test if it is true Must include experiments to try and falsify them |
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paradigm method
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continuing in some direction of puzzle-solving steps
set in motion by a body of earlier research within a given, specific area |
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3 things that make good scientific questions
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1.based on observations and/or previous knowledge
2.are answerable or measurable 3.lead to experiments |
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parameter
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what's being measured
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dimension
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units of measurement
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Empirical:
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derived from or depending upon experience alone
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The endomembrane system
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is the site of biomolecule synthesis.
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lipid
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an organic compound, found in organisms, that is primarily nonpolar and hydrophobic.
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Liposomes—
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vesicles composed of a bilayer enclosing an internal aqueous solution.
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ionophore
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type of membrane protein that assists Facilitated diffusion
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Gramicidin
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cation channel
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Valinomycin
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potassium channel
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Pattern Component of cell theory
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cells are the primary subunits comprising all life forms
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Process Component of cell theory
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all cells are derived from existing cells
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Marcello Malpighi
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founder of microscopic, comparative physiology-anatomy and discoverer of capillaries
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