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27 Cards in this Set

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What are the 5 basic properties of life that all living organisms share?
(Carl Mocked His Gramma Hester) Cellular Organization, Metabolism, Homeostasis, Growth and Reproduction, Heredity
Describe Cellular Organization
All living things are composed of one or more cells. Some are simple, others are complex. All cells grow and reproduce.
Describe Metabolism.
Everything uses energy, everything requires energy. Chain goes from the suns energy, to plants, to animals that eat the plants, then to organisms eating each other.
Describe Homeostasis.
All living things have a stable internal environment. When external environment changes, the homeostasis stays the same to better their condition.
Describe Growth and Reproduction
All living things have the ability to grow and reproduce. Some are simple, while others divide more complexly to reproduce.
Describe Heredity
All living things posses a genetic system based on DNA replication. DNA determines what something will be like, DNA has sets of genes. Changes and similarities in genes are passed on to generations to come.
What are the three levels of organization of life?
Organisms react with each other on many different levels based on complexity. The levels are cellular, organismal, and populational.
Describe Cellular level of life organization.
Atoms are joined together in clusters to make molecules. Molecules are together to make organelles.Nucleus is an organelle that stores DNA. Organelles are assembled in cells. Cells are smallest part of living things.
Describe the Organismal level of life organization.
Organization of tissues, organs and organ systems working together. Tissues are basic and act as one unit. Tissues are grouped into organs. Organs are grouped into organ systems.
Describe the Populational level of life organization.
Population is the same species living in the same place. Species is all the populations of an organism living together. Community if all populations of different speicies living together. Ecosystem is everything in one area, living or non living.
How do scientists think?
They use reasoning when examining the world. Deductive and inductive reasoning.
What is deductive reasoning?
The process of using general principles to explain individual observations.
What is inductive reasoning?
The processof using specific observations to formulate general principles.
What are the six stages of scientific investigation?
Breifly describe.
Observation, Hypothesis (educated guess), Prediction (expected outcome), Test (experiment), Controls (variables held constant), Conclusion (based on results, hypothesis has not been rejected), Theory (basic rules, no science has absolute truth).
What are the laws of thermodynamics?
A set of universal laws that govern the energy changes in the universe.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred from one state to another (from potential to kinetic)
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Disorder is more likely than order. Example: It's more likely for a pile of bricks to fall down then for them to assemble themselves spontaneously.
What is entropy and how does it connect to the second law of thermodynamics?
Entropy is the measure of the degree of disorder of a system. Sicne the second law says that disorder is likely, you can say entropy increases.
What are chemical reactions?
They are reactions that either break or form covalent bonds.
What are reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
Reactants: starting molecules
Products: produced molecules
What is an exergonic reaction?
Exergonic reactions release energy.
What is an endergonic reaction?
Endergonic reactions require energy.
Describe activation energy.
It is the energy required to start a reaction. A reaction is sped up when its activation energy is lowered by using a catalysis.
What do both exer and endergonic reactions require?
An input of energy.
What are enzymes?
Cellular protiens that lower the activation energy of chemical reactions (catalysts). They can be used over and over again.
What factors affect enzymes?
Temperature and pH.
What is activation energy?
It initiates chemical reactions.