Biology 1.1 Transport Around The Body

Front 1

What is the cardiovascular system?

Back 1

the heart and blood vessels

Hint 1

心血管系统

Front 2

What is diffusion?

Back 2

Diffusion is the free movement of particles in a liquid or gas down a concentration gradient from an area where they are at a relatively high concentration to an area where they are at a relatively low concentration.

Hint 2

扩散

Front 3

What does the surface area to volume ratio in organisms mean?

Back 3

The bigger the organism gets, the smaller the surface area to volume ratio becomes. The distance from outside or organism to the inside gets larger, and there is relatively less surface area for substances to
enter through so it takes longer for substances to diffuse in

Hint 3

表面积容量比

Front 4

What are the four features (definition) of mass transport systems?

Back 4

1, a system of vessels that carry substances
2, a way of making sure that substances are moved in the right direction
3, a means of moving materials fast enough to supply the needs of the organism
4, a suitable transport medium

Hint 4

循环系统的四个特征

Front 5

What is the concentration gradient?

Back 5

The concentration gradient is the difference between an area where a solute is at high concentration and an area where the same solute is at a relatively low concentration.

Hint 5

梯度浓度

Front 6

why is water important?

Back 6

1, solvent
2, surface tensions
3, amphoteric(acid/base)

Hint 6

水为什么重要？

Front 7

erythrocytes

Back 7

red blood cells

Hint 7

红血球

Front 8

leucocytes

Back 8

white blood cells

Hint 8

白血球

Front 9

megakaryocytes

Back 9

platelets

Hint 9

血小版

Front 10

what's the two substances needed for cellular respiration?

Back 10

glucose+oxygen 葡萄糖和氧气

Hint 10

细胞呼吸需要哪两种成分？

Front 11

glucose

Back 11

one of the two chemicals needed for cellular respiration

Hint 11

葡萄糖

Front 12

jellyfish larva is small but they have a large what?

Back 12

surface area to volume ratio

Hint 12

表面积/容量比率

Front 13

respirations produce?

Back 13

energy and toxic waste product carbon dioxide

Hint 13

细胞呼吸产生能量和二氧化碳

Front 14

HSW － indicate one way to modelling organisms

Back 14

use cubes to represent models of organisms

Hint 14

用模型表示生物体

Front 15

Amoeba

Back 15

unicellular organism

Hint 15

阿米巴虫，单细胞生物

Front 16

cytoplasm

Back 16

the jelly like liquid inside a cell containing organelles

Hint 16

细胞质

Front 17

what's the specilised systems human use to get food and oxygen?

Back 17

gut and lungs肠和肺

Hint 17

人体取得食物靠什么器官？

Front 18

what's the specilised systems human use to remove waste?

Back 18

gut, lungs, skin and kidneys，肠，肺，皮肤，肾

Hint 18

人体排出食物靠什么器官？

Front 19

hormone

Back 19

chemical messenger made in an endocrine gland, secreted into the blood and carried around the body to the effector organ.

Hint 19

荷尔蒙

Front 20

insulin

Back 20

hormone produced by the pancreas that controls concentration of glucose in the blood

Hint 20

胰岛素

Front 21

three processes for the substances to be delivered over short distance from the mass transportation system to individual cells?

Back 21

diffusion, osmosis, active transport，扩散，渗透，积极传输

Hint 21

大循环系统传送物质至细胞的三种方法？

Front 22

osmosis

Back 22

movement of water down a concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane

Hint 22

渗透

Front 23

active transport

Back 23

in which energy is used to move substances against a concentration gradient

Hint 23

积极传输

Front 24

dipole

Back 24

very small, equal, and opposite electric charges within a molecule

Hint 24

偶极子

Front 25

hydrogen bonds

Back 25

the weak electrostalic attraction between oppositely charged dipoles of different molecules

Hint 25

氢键

Front 26

electrostatic attraction

Back 26

attraction between opposite charges(positive and negative)

Hint 26

静电引力

Front 27

ionic substance

Back 27

a substance made up of oppositely charged ions held together by ionic bonds

Hint 27

离子物质

Front 28

colloid

Back 28

a mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance. the solute particles of a colloid are larger than the particles of the solvent.

Hint 28

胶体

Front 29

emulsions

Back 29

tiny droplets of one liquid suspended in another liquid

Hint 29

乳液

Front 30

suspensions

Back 30

a solid mixed with a liquid, in which the particles will seperate out if the mixture is not constantly moved or stirred

Hint 30

悬浮液

Front 31

Who loves you?

Back 31

Gillian

Front 32

buffer

Back 32

a substance that tends to prevent change in PH when an acid or a base is added to a solution.

Hint 32

分隔/缓冲区

Front 33

acid

Back 33

it forms H+ ions and is a proton donor

Hint 33

酸

Front 34

base

Back 34

it forms OH- ions and is a proton receiver

Hint 34

碱

Front 35

fibrinogen

Back 35

precursor of fibrin

Hint 35

纤维蛋白原

Front 36

haemoglobin

Back 36

red pigment which carries oxygen in the blood

Hint 36

血红蛋白

Front 37

megakaryocyte

Back 37

large bone marrow cell which is the orgin of platelets in the blood.

Hint 37

巨核细胞

Front 38

lymphocyte

Back 38

type of white blood cell

Hint 38

淋巴细胞

Front 39

pathogens

Back 39

microorganism that cause disease,like bacteria or viruses

Hint 39

病原体

Front 40

erythrocytes

Back 40

red blood cell

Hint 40

红血球

Front 41

carbaminohaemoglobin

Back 41

haemoglobin combined with carbon dioxide

Hint 41

二氧化碳血红蛋白

Front 42

carbonic anhydrase

Back 42

the enzyme that controls the rate of the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid.

Hint 42

碳酸酐酶

Front 43

serotonin

Back 43

monoamine neurotransmitter, released when the blood vessels are damaged which causes the smooth muscles to contract, narrowing the blood vessel and reducing bleeding

Hint 43

血清素

Front 44

thromboplastin

Back 44

enzyme that controls the conversion of prothrombin to active thrombin

Hint 44

凝血酶

Front 45

prothrombin

Back 45

precursor of thrombin in the blood clotting cascade

Hint 45

凝血蛋白

Front 46

thrombin

Back 46

enzyme that causes the conversion of inactive fibrinogen to fibrin when blood clots.

Hint 46

凝血酶原

Front 47

fibrinogen

Back 47

precursor of fibrin

Hint 47

纤维蛋白原

Front 48

fibrin

Back 48

fibrous protein involved in clot formation

Hint 48

纤维蛋白

Front 49

single circulation

Back 49

circulation where blood is pumped through respiratory organs and around the body before returning to the heart.

Hint 49

单循环系统

Front 50

double circulation

Back 50

double circulatory system where deoxygenated blood is pumped from heart to respiratory organs and oxygenated, it is then returned to the heart to be pumped into another seperate system to be carried around the body to the tissues before the deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart again.

Hint 50

双循环系统

Front 51

pulmonary circulation

Back 51

circulation betweent the heart and the lungs

Hint 51

肺循环系统

Front 52

whats the two arteries which carry deoxygenated blood?

Back 52

pulmonary artery and umbilical artery during pregnancy

Hint 52

什么时候动脉传送的是无氧血？

Front 53

lumen

Back 53

the central space inside a blood vessel or other tube, eg the lumen of the gut

Hint 53

管腔

Front 54

arterioles

Back 54

vessel that links an artery and capillary

Hint 54

小动脉

Front 55

peripheral arteries

Back 55

distant from the center of the body

Hint 55

周/远动脉

Front 56

venules

Back 56

blood vessel that links a vein and capillary

Hint 56

静脉

Front 57

semilunar valves

Back 57

valves found in veins and the heart that prevent the backflow of blood

Hint 57

半月阀

Front 58

inferior vena cava

Back 58

major vein carry deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart

Hint 58

下腔静脉

Front 59

superior vena cava

Back 59

major vein carry deoxygenated blood from the head and upper body back to the heart

Hint 59

上腔静脉

Front 60

capillaries

Back 60

links the arterioles and the venules

Hint 60

毛细血管

Front 61

whats the two veins which carry oxygenated blood?

Back 61

the pulmonary vein from lungs back to heart, umbilical vein during pregnancy

Hint 61

静脉什么时候传送带氧血？

Front 62

tumour

Back 62

an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from the uncontrolled growth of cells.

Hint 62

肿瘤

Front 63

angiogenesis

Back 63

growth of new blood vessels

Hint 63

血管生成

Front 64

peptide

Back 64

a chain of amino acids

Hint 64

多肽