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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele
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An alternate form of a gene; a gene variant.
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Autosome
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A chromosome that does not include a gene that determines sex.
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Chromosome
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A structure, consisting of DNA and protein, that carries the genes.
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule whose building block sequence encodes the information that a cell uses to construct a particular protein.
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Dominant
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An allele that exerts an effect when present in just one copy.
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Gene
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A sequence of DNA that has a known function, such as encoding protein or controlling gene expression.
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Gene Pool
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All of the genes in a population.
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Genotype
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The allele combination of an individual.
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Genome
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A complete set of genetic instructions in a cell, including DNA that encodes protein as well as other DNA.
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Karyotype
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A size-order display of chromosomes.
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Mendelian trait
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A trait completely determined by a single gene.
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Multi-factorial
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A trait determined by one or more genes and by the environment; also called a complex trait.
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Mutation
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A change in a gene that affects the individual's health, appearance, or biochemistry.
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Pedigree
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A diagram used to follow inheritance of a trait in a family.
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Phenotype
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The observable expression of an allele combination.
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Polymorphism
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A site in a genome that varies in 1 percent or more of a population
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Recessive
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An allele that exerts an effect only when present in two copies.
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RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
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The molecule that enables a cell to synthesize proteins using the information in DNA sequences.
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Sex chromosome
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A chromosome that carries genes whose presence or absence determines sex.
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