Biology 105 Exam #3

Front 1

Bottleneck Effect

Back 1

Change in gene frequency when numbers in a population are drastically reduced

Front 2

Lichen

Back 2

Simple fungus plant; grows like algae (bark-like)

Front 3

Tropism

Back 3

Turning or bending movement of an organism away from external stimulus

Front 4

Phloem

Back 4

Cells specialized to move nutrients

Front 5

Vestigial Trait

Back 5

Leftover features from organism's ancestors that served important function (ex rear leg bone).

Front 6

Trophic Pyramid (Structure)

Back 6

Food Chain: Feeding relationships among various species in a community

Front 7

Bioremediation

Back 7

Use of living organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems
(ex. bacteria at oil spills)

Front 8

Ecology

Back 8

Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment

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Stomata

Back 9

Pores in plant leaves for gases and water to pass

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Species Richness

Back 10

Number of different species in a community

Front 11

Age Structure

Back 11

In a population distribution of individuals in different age groups

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Nongame Species

Back 12

Not hunted

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Interbreeding Depression

Back 13

Result of population bottleneck; reduced fitness in a given population - breeding of related individuals

Front 14

Extinction

Back 14

Elimination of species from planet- 50 years without reported sighting

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Mass Extinction

Back 15

Rapid extinction of many different species

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Greenhouse Effect

Back 16

Warming of atmosphere caused by CO2 and other gases; trap heat

Front 17

EcoSystem

Back 17

Organism in an area with nonliving factors - biological community and physical environment (Lake Erie)

Front 18

Biodiversity

Back 18

Variety of living things
(Genetic, Species, Ecosystem)

Front 19

Invasive Species

Back 19

Non-native species dominates causes environment or economic damage

Front 20

Endosymbiotic Theory

Back 20

One species living inside another

Front 21

Natural Selection

Back 21

Organisms most suited to the environment will survive and reproduce

Front 22

Biome

Back 22

Global Ecology

Front 23

Gene Pool

Back 23

Genes in a population at any time

Front 24

Biological Evolution

Back 24

Change in population over time within a species

Front 25

Speciation

Back 25

Formation of a new species

Front 26

Bacilli

Back 26

Rod shaped bacteria (prokaryotic)

Front 27

Covergent Evolution

Back 27

Similiarities among organisms from diff't lineages - resemble

Front 28

Pathogen

Back 28

Disease causing virus or organism

Front 29

Mycorrhiza

Back 29

Mutual beneficial symbiotic association of a plant root and fungus

Front 30

Xylem

Back 30

Tube cells specialized to move water

Front 31

Mycelium

Back 31

Branched network in the body of fungus

Front 32

Meristem

Back 32

Rapidly growing region of plant; cells that divide and generate new cells and tissues

Front 33

Population

Back 33

Group of all same species

Front 34

Phylogentic Tree

Back 34

Branching diagram that represents hypothesis about evolutionary relationships between organisms

Front 35

Modern Synthesis

Back 35

Theory of evolution - genetics and Darwin focusing on population as fundamentals units of evolution

Front 36

Sexual Selection

Back 36

Individuals with certain characteristics more likely than others to obtain a mate

Front 37

Biogeography

Back 37

Study of geographic distribution of species

Front 38

Conservation Biology

Back 38

Understanding and counter the loss of biodiversity - variety of living

Front 39

Species Diversity

Back 39

Variety (number) of species that make up a biological community

Front 40

Reproductive Barriers

Back 40

Prevents interbreeding of closely related species: Timing, Behavioral, Habitat, Mechanical and Gametic

Front 41

Gene Flow

Back 41

Gain/Loss of allele from a population by movement of individual in/out of population

Front 42

Cocci

Back 42

Spherical shaped bacteria

Front 43

Ecological Footprint

Back 43

Estimate land/materials needed to provide for population - resource availability and usage

Front 44

Density Independent Factors

Back 44

Catastrophic events - causes Bottleneck Effect

Front 45

Density Dependent Factors

Back 45

Number of individuals, amount of food and resources; space

Front 46

Exponential Growth

Back 46

Expansion of population in an ideal unlimited environment

Front 47

Logistic Growth

Back 47

Population growth that decreases as population size approaches carrying capicity - steady

Front 48

Carrying Capacity

Back 48

Max population size a particular environment can sustain

Front 49

Community

Back 49

Diff't species interacting together

Front 50

3 Domains of Life

Back 50

Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya

Front 51

4 Kingdoms of Eukarya

Back 51

1) Plant
2) Animal
3) Fungus
4) Protista

Front 52

5 Examples of Protists

Back 52

1) Psuedopodia
2) Amoeba
3) Apicomplexans
4) Ciliates
5) Flagellates

Front 53

4 Phyla of Invertebrates

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1) Arthropods
2) Platyhelminthes
3) Mollusca
4) Annelida

Front 54

5 Major Groups of Vertebrates

Back 54

1) Amphibians
2) Birds
3) Fish
4) Mammals
5) Reptiles

Front 55

4 Major Groups of Plants

Back 55

1) Angiosperms
2) Bryophytes
3) Ferns
4) Gymnosperms

Front 56

Taxonomic Groups -
(identifying, naming & classifying species)

Back 56

Domain Kingdom
Phylum Class
Order Family
Genus Species

Front 57

4 Major Causes of declining
Biodiversity

Back 57

1) Habitat Destruction and Fragmentation
2) Invasive Species
3) Overexploitation
4) Pollution

Front 58

Difference between
Gradualism and
Punctuated Equilibrium

Back 58

Grad -Darwin: Mts result of earthquake (fossils)
PE: Long periods of little change - suddenly appear/disappear

Front 59

Difference between Sympatric and
Allopatric Speciation

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S- Same geographic areas
AS - Different areas

Front 60

4 Major Geologic Areas w/
Species Domination

Back 60

1) Precambrian: Bacteria
2) Paleozoic: Animals
3) Mesozoic: Dinosaurs
4) Cenozoic: Mammals

Front 61

Difference between
Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity

Back 61

Genetic: diff't genes within a species vary
Ecosystem: variety of species w/in an area
ED: number of broad Ecosystems

Front 62

5 Major Bodies of Evidence for
Biological Evolution

Back 62

1) Historical Record of Fossils:preserved specimen
2) Biogeography: distribution of species
3) Comparative Embryology:compare first stages of developing embryos
4) Comparative Anatomy: compare body structures in diff't species
5) Molecular Biology: genetics, life at molecular layers

Front 63

Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta

Back 63

Earthworm

Front 64

Phylum Mollusca

Back 64

Clam

Front 65

Phylum Echinodermata

Back 65

Sea Star

Front 66

Phylum Chordata
Class Amphibia

Back 66

Frog

Front 67

Cnidaria

Back 67

Jellyfish

Front 68

Nematoda

Back 68

Roundworm

Front 69

Arthropoda

Back 69

Insects, Spiders, Crustacians

Front 70

Mollusca (Bivalvia)

Back 70

Clam, Octupus, Squid

Front 71

Annelida

Back 71

Segmented Worms

Front 72

Platyhelminthes

Back 72

Flatworms

Front 73

Echinodermata

Back 73

Starfish

Front 74

Chordata

Back 74

Frog