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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In interphase-G1 the chromosomes are ______ bodied.
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single
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In interphase-S the chromosomes are ______ bodied.
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double
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In interphase-G2 what is formed?
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organelles, membrane, and spindle fiber protiens
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During prophase I what breaks down?
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nuclear membrane
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During prophase I what do the centrioles do?
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migrate to opposite ends of the cell
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What is synapsis and when does it occur?
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the chromosomes come together, and they have genes for the same traits but aren't alike. It takes place during prophase I
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When does crossing over take place?
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Prophase I
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What is crossing over?
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exchange of material btwn homologous chromosomes
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What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase I?
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they line up in paris along the middle of the cell by spindle fibers.
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Each nucleus of the new cell gets one of each pair of chromosomes during what phase?
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anaphase I
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What is independent assortment and when does it take place?
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different possibilities for different traits (randomness) it takes place during anaphase I
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The nuclear membrane forms during which phase?
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telophase I
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What happens at the end of telophase I?
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there is one cell with 2 nuclei which are HAPLOID
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At the end of telophase I the chromosomes are ______ bodied.
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double
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What forms during telophase I?
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cleavage furrow
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After cytokinesis there are ______?
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2 haploid cells with double bodied chromosomes
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Each new cell makes one ________ and inherits another.
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centriole
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The daughter cells that are produced are genetically ___?____.
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Different
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In metaphase II the chromatids are not alike bc of _______.
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crossing over
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True/False
In anaphase II whe the chroamtids separate they are the same. |
false
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What is the result of telophase II?
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one cell
2 haploid nuclei single bodied chromosomes |
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What is the result of cytokinesis II?
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2cells
both haploid single bodied chromosomes genetically different |
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What is the result of Meiosis II?
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4 haploid single bodied genetically different daughter cells that will develop into gametes
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chromosomes become double bodied in ________.
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S of interphase
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At the end of meiosis I and cytokinesis I the 2 resulting cells are _________.
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haploid and have double bodied chromosomes
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A cell in G2 of interphase II has ________.
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23 double bodied chromosomes
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A cell is producing protiens to make spindle fibers, new membranes and new organelles, what stage is it in?
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G2 of interpahse
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Genes are ______.
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discrete
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For each trait there are ___ factors.
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2
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If the factors present for a trait differ then __________.
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one factor will be expressed
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During the formation of gametes teh factors ________.
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independent
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Forms of a gene are known as ______.
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alleles
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The cell theory is _______, ________, and ________ unit of life.
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structual, functional, and reproductive
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Cell division is the passing of ______ by ________.
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DNA, chromosomes
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Bacteria reproduce by replicating a _____ ______.
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single chromosome
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A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism divides into 2 individuals of about equal size. What is this?
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binary fission
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What are the 2 types of cells?
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somatic and germ
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Somatic cells are also ___ ___.
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body cells
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Germ cells produce _____.
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gametes
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Chromatids attach at the ______.
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centromere
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What are the 3 major phases of the cell cycle
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interphae, nuc. division (mitosis), and cytokinesis
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Most of the life of the cell is spent in what phase?
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interphase -G1
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The synthesis of DNA happens during which phase?
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S of interphase
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During prophase of mitosis what happens to the chromosomes?
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they thicken (condense) and beocme visible.
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Mitotic spendels form during which phase of mitosis?
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prophase
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during telophase of mitosis the chromosomes _______.
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elongate
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what are the results of mitosis?
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2-2N cells (diploid)
they are identical |
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What controls cell division?
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cell density
hormones local growth factors |
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What kind of cancer can a high fat-low fiber diet cause?
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colo-rectal and breast
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What kind of cancer can salty diets cause?
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stomach
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Germ cells are your _____.
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gonads
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Sex organisms need _____ cells for reproduction.
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haploid
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germ cells are _____
gametes are _____ |
2N
1N |
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Interphase II has no ___ phase.
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S
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What is the purpose of meiosis II?
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to make the double bodied chromosomes into single bodied chromosomes
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What is non-disjunction?
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Improper segregation
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Improper segregation results in _________.
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gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.
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Turners syndrome is also known as_______.
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monosomy 21
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Edwards syndrome is trisomy ___.
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18
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Patau's syndrome is tisomy ___.
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13
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Kleinfelters syndrome is ____.
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XXY
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Amniocentesis is the removal of ____.
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amniotic fluid
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Amniocentesis is performed at about ____ weeks.
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14 (1/2% risk to pregnacy)
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Chorionic Cillus Sampling (CVS) is cells harvested from _____.
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chorion
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CVS is performed at about ___ weeks.
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9 (1-2% risk to pregnancy)
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Somatic cells are diploid?
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true
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Germ cells are diploid?
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true
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gametes are haploid?
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true
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normal functioning chromosomes are ________ bodied.
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single
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Mitosis results in the production of nuclei that have _____ the genetic info as the original nucleus.
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half
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Most of the life of a cell is spent in ______.
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Interphase
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DNA is replicated in during _____.
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S of interphase
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Synapsis and crossing over occur at _____.
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prophase I
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At the end of Meiosis I the resultant cells _____
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are haploid, genetically different, and posses double-bodied chromosomes
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At the end of Meiosis II the resultant cells _____
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are haploid, genetically different and posses single bodied chromosomes.
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Non-disjunction in the production of the mother's eggs are due to improper functioning of _________.
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spindle fibers
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What is the principle of segregation?
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each parent have factors that separate
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