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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is molecular systematics? |
Molecular systematics is the use of molecular genetics to study the evolution of relationships among individuals and species. The goal of systematic studies is to provide insight into the history of groups of organisms and the evolutionary processes that create diversity among species. |
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What is gene duplication? What are gene families? How are these important in molecularsystematics? |
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What are orthologous genes? |
Orthologous are homologous genes where a gene is found in two different species, but the origin of the gene is a common ancestor. If a gene is duplicated in a species, the resulting duplicated genes are paralogs of each other, even though over time they might become different in sequence composition and function. |
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What are paralogous genes? |
Orthologous are homologous genes where a gene is found in two different species, but the origin of the gene is a common ancestor. If a gene is duplicated in a species, the resulting duplicated genes are paralogs of each other, even though over time they might become different in sequence composition and function. |
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Are gene number and the complexity of an organism linked? Why or why not? |
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What is a molecular clock? |
The average rate at which a species' genome accumulates mutations, used to measure their evolutionary divergence and in other calculations. |
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Explain Motoo Kimura’s neutral theory of evolution. What is the significance of this theory formolecular systematics? |
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Review the historical developments of the tree of life, through the two kingdom scheme of the pre-1960s, the five kingdom scheme of the late-1960s until recent, and the recent three domain scheme. |
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What is horizontal gene transfer and what is its significance? |
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What is LUCA? |
The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the name given to a crude organism that is now traceable in all domains of life; plants, animals, fungi, algae, etc. Very little is actually known about this great-grandfather of evolution, and some scientists still debate whether it was even a cell. |
