Biology 1015 Virginia Tech

Front 1

Plasmids are found __ and are composed of __

Back 1

in the cytoplasm; double strand DNA

Front 2

a cell found on the surface of your textbook contains the following: ribosome, DNA, a plasma membrane, a cell wall, and mitochondria. what type of cell is it?

Back 2

a plant cell

Front 3

the protein synthesis and DNA replication of Archaea are more closely related to:

Back 3

eukaryotes

Front 4

which of the following structures does not require an immediate source of energy to function?

Back 4

a central vacuole

Front 5

organelles are held in place ___ the plasma membrane by ___ and certain structures such as ___ can be moved by ___

Back 5

inside; a cytoskeleton; vacuoles; molecular motors

Front 6

a cell targets a food particle and moves to engulf it by the process of ____. the food particle is not in the phospholipid bi-layer membrane (T/F) and would be moved to ___ for digestion

Back 6

phagocytosis; True; a lysosome

Front 7

__ provides for cytoplasmic connections through celluloose cell walls, while __ provide for cytoplasmic connections through plasma membranes of certain animal cells, such as cardiac tissue

Back 7

plasmodesmata; connexons

Front 8

Dynein is ___ which is responsible for moving things along the cytoskeleton and functions as ____

Back 8

a protein molecule; a molecular motor

Front 9

prokaryotes lack a plasma membrane (T/F) but do contain a nucleus (T/F)

Back 9

false; False

Front 10

the peptidoglycen cell wall found in___ is fascinating because it consists of two N-acetyl molecules ___ and ___. the amino acid side chain which makes this cell wall so fascination is found on the ___

Back 10

bacreria; N-acetylglucoseamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; N-acetylmuramic acid

Front 11

one of the most fundamental differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is

Back 11

the endomembrane system - eukaryotes have and prokaryotes do not have

Front 12

consider the diagram which is similar to ones we discussed in class. what are the red structures and what is their chemical composition?

Back 12

cadherin molecules; proteins

Front 13

receptor - mediated endocytosis depends on __ molecules to form ___

Back 13

catherin; vesicles

Front 14

a glycoprotein consists of a protein and certain___ molecules and these proteins do not cross the cell (T/F)

Back 14

Glucose; Flase

Front 15

which of the following statements best describes the transmembrane domain of the membrane protein?

Back 15

- In composed of hydrophobic amino acids
- Can cross the membrane several times
- Often forms alpha -helix and beta-pleat structures

Front 16

the reason transmembrane proteins are able to retain their position in the cell's membrane is because....

Back 16

The same forces that hold the phospholipid molecules together, keep the protein in place - hydrophobic reactions to water molecules

Front 17

a transmembrane protein that forms a pore through the cell membrane may have a hydrophobic exterior which is compatible with the hydrophobic interior of the membrane, and a hydrophilic interior to transport polar molecules such as water (T/F)

Back 17

the same forces that hold the phospholipid molecules together, keep the protein in place - hydrophobic reaction to water molecules

Front 18

facilitated diffusion describes the movement of polar/charged molecules from ___

Back 18

a high to low concentration through the channel protein molecules across the membrane

Front 19

Osmosis describes the movement of water from its own high concentration to its own low concentration (T/F) across a __ membrane. Why would water move in this manner?

Back 19

true; semipermeable; because of the reciprocal difference in solute across the membrane

Front 20

consider the figure below (that we discussed in class). These molecules are examples of ___. The one on the left describes the principle of ___ and the one on the right describes the principle of ____

Back 20

carrier protein; antiporter; symporter

Front 21

Carrier transport molecules react with the molecules they transport (T/F). This interaction causes ____ in the carrier transport molecule.

Back 21

Carrier protein; antiporter; symporter

Front 22

You are in you freshmen lab observing a frog egg in a petri dish and notice the egg begins to swell and become turgid. This means the water around the egg is ___. You happen to be eating a tomato sandwich, and as you reach for the saltshaker in you lunch box, you accidentally know the shaker over - spilling a considerable amount of salt into the water in the petri dish surrounding the frog egg. You notice the egg ___ because the solution in the petri dish around the egg is ___.

Back 22

Hypotonic; shrivels; hypertonic

Front 23

If you should require IV medication in the hospital, what should the solute of the IV solution be in relation to the solute in your red blood cells?

Back 23

Isotonic

Front 24

Does the passage of water through aquaporin in transmembrane proteins violate the principle of osmosis for water molecules being transported via aquaporins?

Back 24

Yes

Front 25

which of the following best describes signal transduction?

Back 25

a well-defined biochemical pathway

Front 26

Hydrophobic ligands have their receptors on the interior of the cell (T/F) and are able to pass through the phospholipid bilayer (T/F)

Back 26

True; true

Front 27

a hydrophilic ligand would:

Back 27

attach to a membrane receptor that initiates a cellular response through one or more secondary messages

Front 28

a kinase is a/an ___ that ___ via the ___ functional group of certain ____

Back 28

enzyme; adds phosphate to a protein; hydroxyl; aminp acids

Front 29

all the following amino acids can be phsophorylated by a kinase except ___

Back 29

phenylalanine

Front 30

which form of cell communication acts over long distances to produce responses and involves the cirulatory

Back 30

endocrines

Front 31

paracrine signaling is characterized by___ that are ___. a good example of a molecule involved in paracrine signaling would be __

Back 31

ligands; secreted by neighboring cells; NO

Front 32

how is it that the Ca2+ is an excellent secondary messenger?

Back 32

stored in sites such as the endoplasmic reticulum - typically is in small concentrations in the cytoplasm

Front 33

which of the following kinases are characterized by Dimerization for activity

Back 33

receptor tyrosine kinases

Front 34

the molecule IP3 is important because it is a ___ and once activated it ___ on the ___

Back 34

a secondary messenger; opens calcium ion channels; endoplasmic reticulum

Front 35

the cell is signaled to transform glucose by the ligand __ through __ it is receptor malfunctions, the disease__ is the end result

Back 35

insulin; receptor tyrosine kinase

Front 36

the following diagarm how G protein signaling is self-limiting. which of the following responses describes the self-;limited process?

Back 36

G protein hydrolyzed GTP to GDP thereby inactivating themselves

Front 37

In class we discussed the amount of ATP an individual might use in a day. It was pointed out that even a sedentary individual would consume their weight in ATP in one day. However, that fact opened the question of how the individual could even exist the second say if they consumed their weight in ATP the previous day. Which of the following statements best explains the conundrum?

Back 37

ATP is an unstable molecule for the large amount of ATO being used

Front 38

During a redox reaction the molecule that gains an electron has been __ and has a ___ energy level

Back 38

reduced; higer

Front 39

a positive delta G means____ this is called an____and represents ___. an excellent example of this kind of reaction is ___

Back 39

the products have more energy than the reactants; endergonic; stored energy; photosynthesis

Front 40

all enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes (T/F)

Back 40

false

Front 41

allosteric inhibition is a good example of competitive inhibition (T/F)

Back 41

false

Front 42

using the figure it the end product operated as an allosteric inhibitor where would this type of feedback inhibition usually occur?

Back 42

at an allosteric site in enzyme 1

Front 43

the end product of catabolic biochemical pathways can serve as a allosteric molecules in feedback inhibition on the pathway. (T/F)

Back 43

false

Front 44

in a biochemical pathway the product of one reaction in the pathway can serve as the ___ for the next step in the pathway

Back 44

substrate

Front 45

which of the following set of terms best describes the cyclist in the picture?

Back 45

exergonic; catabolic; negative delta G; oxidation

Front 46

photo synthesis begins with ___

Back 46

thylakoid and their membrane

Front 47

the oxygen we need for respiration is produced by photosynthesis (T/F) and the oxygen comes from

Back 47

true; the O in H2O

Front 48

At this time of the year, leaves on deciduous trees are turning from green to some shade of red or yellow. This is because ___

Back 48

Chlorophyll is being absorbed leaving the carotenoid pigments which were in the leaf all summer but masked by the more abundant chlorophyll molecules

Front 49

The photosynthesis unites are located in ___ and are held together by ___

Back 49

The thylakoid; transmembrane proteins

Front 50

The tail of this molecule, which is a ___ molecule, would be in the ___ portion of the ___

Back 50

Chlorophyll; lipophilic; transmembrane protein in the thylakoid membrane

Front 51

Just before our Fall semester break, Robert Lefkowitz, 69 of Duke Medical School and Brian Kobilika, 57 of Stanford university were awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry for their seminal research in ____

Back 51

The biochemistry of G-protein-coupled receptors

Front 52

The overall flow of electrons and their energy in the light reaction is from:

Back 52

H2O to ATP and NADPH

Front 53

The electrons that move to PSII from ___ also create____ which are then used to produce__ in the ___

Back 53

Water; H+ protons; ATP; stroma

Front 54

Consider the figure to the right. Which diagram illustrates the conversion of light to chemical energy

Back 54

diagram C

Front 55

Chemiosmosis is the process by which ___ by ___ passing through ___

Back 55

ATP is formed; H+ protons; ATP synthase

Front 56

The direct output of the Calvin Cycle is

Back 56

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Front 57

The ability of Rubisco to use either CO2 or O2 - depending on concentration of the two gases in as excellent example of ___

Back 57

Competitive inhibition

Front 58

The use of phosphosenolpyruvate carboxylase involves an extra step in photosynthesis (T/F) and therefore more ___. The extra energy source comes from ___.

Back 58

True; ATP; cyclic photophosphorylation

Front 59

Pineapple synthesizes organic compounds through photorespiration (T/F); the key is the enzyme phosphenolypyruvate carboxylase which is insensitive to concentration of O2 (T/F) and can initiate organic synthesis by using phosphsenolpyruvate to fix CO2 to produce an organic acid such as oxaloacetic acid (T/F). These organic acids are stored in the central vacuole of the cell at night and fed into the typical C3 photosynthetic pathway during the day (T/F)

Back 59

False; True; True; True

Front 60

Which of the following statements best describes the value of photorespiration to the photosynthetic capability of the plant?

Back 60

Photorespiration has no value to the photosynthetic capability of the plant; it is detrimental to the plant's photosynthetic capabilities