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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Biology
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The Study of Life
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How is something defined as living
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Organized, Acquire materials and energy, Respond to the environment, Reproduce and develop, Adapt
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How are living organisms organized
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Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Body
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Where in Biology do we see uniformity
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At molecular and population levels
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Where in biology do we see diversity
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At the organism level. Used to classify animals
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what are the steps of the scientific method
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observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, analysis
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what can and can't the scientific method be used to evaluate
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past can't be tested. Neither can genies and gods. Can test natural causes of the natural world.
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where do we find hydrogen bonds in the cell
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in the bonding of water
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what is a redox reaction - why is this important in biology
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when one compound is oxidized, the other is reduced. This is called a redox reaction.
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what 4 elements make up 96% of living matter
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Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
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what are the properties of water
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it is polar, has hydrogen bonding between molecules, has a high specific heat, is less dense as a solid, is a good solvent.
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why is it important that ice floats
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eventually all bodies of water would freeze solid. Only the top few inches would thaw during the summers.
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what are the four organic (macro) molecules.
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carbohydrates, lypids, proteins, nucleic acid
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how are proteins denatured
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temperature, PH, salt concentration.
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what are the jobs of the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast in an eukaryotic cell
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nucleus holds the DNS, Mitrochondria is the powerplant(produces ATP), and Chloroplast performs photosynthesis.
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what are membranes composed of and what are their functions
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membranes seperate different compartments. Phospholipids
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compare and contrast active and passive types of membrane transport
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passive is diffusion and osmosis. Active is done by transport proteins and pumps.
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how do you kill a plant or animal cell with osmosis
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with a plant give it take away water. With a human cell have to much water.
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what is cellular respiration and fermentation
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CR is extracting energy from organic molecules(usually glucose). Fermentation is what happens when oxygen is removed.
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what is photosynthesis
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is transforming light into energy.
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how are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related. Which one has a faster rate
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cellular respiration is usually the faster of the two. the to processes counter each other. Each uses the others products.
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why are plants green
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they reflect that portion of the light in the visible spectrum
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most of life gets its energy from ______ and its sugars from ______
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the sun, plants.
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compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
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meiosis produces gamets and makes four cells from 1. mitosis creates somata cells and makes two cells from 1
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what is crossing over and why is it important
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during meiosis when two chromosomes are in close proximity a random portion of the chromosomes can swap. The causes more genetic variation in offspring that would happen if crossing over did not occur.
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who is mendel, and what did he discover.
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father of genetics. Discovered Inheritance.
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what is a gene, and what is an allele
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gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein. Allele is the varients of a gene
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what is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles.
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domonite copies override recessive copies of genes. for a recessive to be expressed it must have two copies of itself.
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how do you complete a punnet square (for 1 or two genes)
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use the actually punnet square(not probability)
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who is morgan, and what did he discover
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worked with fruit flies and discovered sex linked inheritance.
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who are James Watson and Francis Crick and what did they discover.
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the structure of DNA. Double Helix
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How is DNA replicated, and how is the message conserved.
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starts at origin of replication. always happens from 5' to 3' prime direction. Results in leading and lagging strand.
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what is the central dogma
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protein synthesis. Information flows in one direction. From DNA to RNA to protein
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compare and contrast transcription and translation
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transcription is DNA to RNA. Uses DNA Polymerase. Translation is RNA to protein uses a Ribosome.
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compare and contrast DNA and RNA
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DNA is double helix and has AGCT. RNA is single stranded and has AGCU.
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what is a ribosome and how does it work
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it is the protein that converts RNA to protein.
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what is a codon and why does it work
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is a DNA triplet. It codes for one amino acid.
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what is the difference between mRNA and tRNA
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mRNA is a duplicate of a DNA segment made during transcription. tRNA carries an amino acid to produce a protein during translation
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what is RNA processing in eukaryotes
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Enzymes modify the RNA before it travels to the cytoplasm. Caps are put on it and non coding segments removed
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what is a mutation and what are the impacts of a mutation
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a change in one base pair. silent, mis-sense, and nonsense
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