Biology Chapter 6 Flash Cards

Front 1

Where does the energy you need to do work come from?

Back 1

The breakdown of glucose as energy in the mitochondria

Front 2

What is Aerobic Respiration?

Back 2

The breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen

Front 3

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Back 3

The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen

Front 4

What are the four stages of Exercise?

Back 4

1. Aerobic respiration
2. Reach Aerobic capacity
3. Switch to anaerobic respiration
4. Collapse

Front 5

What does it mean to reach aerobic capacity?

Back 5

The maximum rate at which oxygen can be taken in and used by your cells (After oxygen debt occurs aka Oxygen deficiency)

Front 6

What starts to build up when our bodies switch to anaerobic respiration?

Back 6

Lactic Acid

Front 7

Can you increase your aerobic capacity?

Back 7

Yes

Front 8

How do you know when you have exceeded your aerobic capacity and switched to anaerobic respiration?

Back 8

Sweating and Panting occurs

Front 9

What is an Autotroph?

Back 9

A Producer that conducts photosynthesis (uses Co2 and H2O produced by respiration)

Front 10

What is a heterotroph?

Back 10

A consumer that conducts cellular respiration (uses glucose and O2 produced by photosynthesis)

Front 11

What is is breathing?

Back 11

Intake of oxygen and the removal of CO2 from the lungs

Front 12

What is cellular Respiration?

Back 12

Breakdown of glucose (by cells) in the presence of oxygen to produce energy

Front 13

What are two points to remember about the Cellular Respiration Equation?

Back 13

1. 38 ATP molecules produced for every glucose molecule broken down.
2. Hydrogen released from glucose forms water which is picked up by oxygen

Front 14

What are the three stages Aerobic Respiration in which glucose has to be broken down?

Back 14

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs's Cycle
3. Electron Transport

Front 15

What is Glycolysis and where does it take place?

Back 15

Glucose broken down to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 16

What is the Krebs's cycle and where does it take place?

Back 16

Pyruvic Acid diffuses into matrix of the mitochondria and Electrons that are released are picked up by coenzymes

Front 17

What is Electron Transport and where does it take place?

Back 17

Coenzymes deliver electrons to an ETS on the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Front 18

Where does the ETS deliver the electrons to and what is formed?

Back 18

Delivers to the oxygen and ATP is formed

Front 19

What does NAD stand for?

Back 19

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Front 20

What is the Redox Reaction?

Back 20

Reactions in which on substance is oxidized and the other reduced

Front 21

What is Oxidation?

Back 21

The loss of electrons

Front 22

What is Reduction?

Back 22

The gain of electrons

Front 23

What is Phosphorylation?

Back 23

The addition of phosphate

Front 24

What is Dehydration?

Back 24

The removal of water

Front 25

What does NAD+ stand for?

Back 25

The oxidized form of the coenzyme

Front 26

What does NADH stand for?

Back 26

The reduced form of the coenzyme

Front 27

What does PGAL stand for?

Back 27

Phosphoglyceraldehyde

Front 28

What does Glycolysis produce?

Back 28

2 ATP's (4 NET ATP, two are used for glycolysis)
2 NADH
2 Pyruvates

Front 29

Explain the pathway of Electron Transport

Back 29

A series of molecules on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Front 30

What is the process of the Electron transport

Back 30

- Electrons move from protein to protein in the chain
- Hydrogen Ions are tossed out into the outer compartment
- They then diffuse through ATP synthases into the inner compartment
- The ATP synthases rotate activating active sites

Front 31

How many ATP do you get from one Glucose Molecule

Back 31

4 ATP

Front 32

What happens if oxygen is replaced by another gas in our enviroment?

Back 32

-The ETS shuts down
-No ATP is produced
-Cells stop working which leads to death

Front 33

What food does our body get energy from?

Back 33

Proteins, Fats and Glucose

Front 34

What is Fermentation?

Back 34

Production of ATP by the anaerobic breakdown of food molecules.

Front 35

Is Anaerobic breakdown effecient and why?

Back 35

Not Efficient - only 2 ATP produced per glucose molecule broken down

Front 36

What is the Lactate fermentation pathway?

Back 36

Glucose --> 2 Pyruvate --> 2 Lactate

Front 37

What is the Alcoholic fermentation pathway?

Back 37

Glucose --> Pyruvate --> 2 Acedtaldehyde --> 2 Ethanol

Front 38

What happens when the boxy incurs oxygen debt?

Back 38

Switches to anaerobic respiration and Lactic Acid accumulates

Front 39

What is Gluconeogenesis?

Back 39

Conversion of lactic acid to pyruvate and back to glucose in the liver

Front 40

What are aerobes?

Back 40

Organisms that breakdown glucose in the presence of oxygen

Front 41

What are Anaerobes?

Back 41

Organisms that breakdown glucose in the absence of oxygen

Front 42

What are Obligate Anaerobes?

Back 42

Die in the presence of oxygen

Front 43

What are Facultative anaerobes?

Back 43

They conduct anaerobic respiration when oxygen is absent and aerobic respiration when oxygen is present

Front 44

What are Humans Aerobes or Anaerobes?

Back 44

As a whole obligate Aerobes but our cells behave like facilitative anaerobes