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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the order of hierarchy that covers the "scope" of living systems?
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Atoms - Molecules - Organelles - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems - Organism - Population - Community - Ecosystem
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What are the characteristics of life?
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Organized - Metabolize - Respond - Reproduce - Evolve
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Name the features of bacteria?
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Monera: The first kingdom, aka prokaryotes, no nucleus or ER, very few organelles and unicellular.
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What kingdom has a nuclei, wall made up of cellulose and is autotrophic?
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Plant kingdom
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According to the scientific method, a switch moved from off to on can be?
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All of the above
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What is the differential rate of reproduction of survival among living?
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Natural selection which is a consequence of evolution
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Using a scientific approach what are two things you would not do?
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Be open minded or use fate
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A confirmed hypothesis is?
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A theory
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Organisms in this kingdom are all autotrophs?
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Plant kingdom
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_____and_____ are inside the nucleus and _____ are outside of the nucleus?
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Protons and neutrons are inside and electrons are outside
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What are trace elements? Ex?
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Elements essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts. Iron, Iodine, zinc, copper & cobalt
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What are the six most common elements essential to life?
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CHNOPS- Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur
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Describe Matter?
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Matter is what life is composed of; all of the above. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass and it can exist as a solid liquid or gas.
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Protons electrons and neutrons is 11, what is the atomic mass?
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23 - Atomic mass is P+E+N
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What is the atomic # of an atom?
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The # of protons
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Non isotopic atoms roughly have ________________?
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The same amount of P E & N, the difference would be N.
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The innermost ring has ___ electrons and the outermost rings have ___ electrons?
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2 ; 8
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If two atoms share electrons this is called _________ bond?
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Covalent
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The transfer of electrons between atoms would be called ________ bond?
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Ionic
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Hydrogen atoms are bonded to oxygen atoms by ________ bonds and water molecules combine by ________ bonds
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Covalent ; Hydrogen
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A _______ is week acids and weak base. They _______ hydrogen ions when to basic and _______ hydrogen ions when the condition becomes to acidic
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Buffer ; Donate ; Accept
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Which reactions do small molecules react?
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Dehydration
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A_________has two or more different elements.
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Compound
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The attraction between table salt the bond is _____?
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Ionic
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Which property of water prevents a rapid increase of body temperature?
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High heat capacity
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What adds hydrogen ion to a solution?
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Acid
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pH < 7 is ______?
pH > 7 is ______? |
Acidic ; Basic
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Molecules splitting is an example of what?
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Hydrolysis
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What is the chemical formula for the amino group?
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NH2
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What would carboxylic and an amino group form?
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Amino acid
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The result of hydration cynthasis can be reversed by?
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Hydrolysis
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Polysaccharides contain these three?
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Glycogen, starch and cellulose
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How does cellulose differ from starch?
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Humans can not digest cellulose but its a good source of fiber
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_______is stored as extra carbs in animal cells?
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Glycogen
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_______is stored as extra carbs in plant cells?
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Starch
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What is three fatty acids attached to glycerol?
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Triglyceride
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Fat molecules are?
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A type of fat, hyrdophobic and play a role in storage
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A fatty acid with double bonds are?
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Unsaturated
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What would 1 phosphor 2 fatty acids and a glycerol be?
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Phospholipid
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Name some functions of proteins?
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Structural: hair and skin (collagen;most abundant)
Storage: building muscles (or for energy) Signaling: hormones and maintaining homeostasis Transport: Hemoglobin (carries oxygen) Defense: antibodies that defend against microbes Catalyst: enzymes that do a variety of functions Contractile: myosin and actin cause contraction |
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Nucleotides contain?
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All of the above ; 3 types of molecules- phosphate, a pentose sugar and a nitrogen
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Differences between DNA and RNA?
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DNA contains thymine and is double stranded; AtoT, GtoC. RNA contains uridine instead of thymine and is single stranded AtoU, GtoC.
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Genetic info is encoded in a sequence of?
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Nucleotides
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Oil is _________fat and is ______ at room temp?
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Unsaturated ; liquid
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Margarine is ________fat and is ______at room temp
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Saturated ; solid
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Lipids form bilayers called?
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Phospholipid: similar to fat molecule but with a phosphate group in place of the third fatty acid
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All amino acids are the same except for this one difference?
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The R group
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Describe the 4 different structures of protein?
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Primary structure is linear
The rest are alpha helix Secondary is most abundant Quaternary has 4 polypeptide chains interacting together |
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DNA consists of all except?
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Amino Acid
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Out of carbs, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids what is the best for your body to tap into?
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Lipids
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How are proteins destroyed?
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Any chemical that can destroy hydrogen bonds.
Change in temp, pH or high salt concentration; it loses its configuration |
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Which is false in regards to enzymes used to build proteins?
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R group creates more folds and twists to make globular protein. Hormones antibiotics mass lots of twists
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All proteins contain 2 functional groups what are they?
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Carboxylic COOH ; Amino group NH2
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Some nucleotides are coenzymes which facilitate enzymatic reactions..Ex?
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NAD & FAD - Energy carriers
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Isotopes have?
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Different number of neutrons ; some radioactive/unstable
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Atomic # is always the ______ # and atomic mass is always the ______#?
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Lower ; Larger
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Nucleotides contain?
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All of the above: 3 types of molecules ; phosphate, a pentose sugar and a nitrogen containing base
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