Biology 101

Front 1

what are the kcal requirements for women

Back 1

WOMEN= 1800-2000 KCAL/DAY

Front 2

what are the kcal requirements for men

Back 2

MEN= 2200-2500 KCAL/DAY

Front 3

how many atp's are produced through glycosis

Back 3

two

Front 4

What is the 1st limitation of Metabolism

Back 4

1) ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED, ONLY CHANGED IN FORM

Front 5

The transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a molecule.

Back 5

Phosphorylation

Front 6

What part of the chloroplasts does light reaction take place

Back 6

Grana

Front 7

What kind of light does it require

Back 7

visible

Front 8

What kind of chlorofyll does
photosystems I contain

Back 8

chlorofyll A

Front 9

What kind of light does Chlorofyll A absorb

Back 9

red, violet and blue

Front 10

What is Chlorofyll A

Back 10

A pigment that absorbs red, violet and blue light

Front 11

1)What kind of Chlorofyll does photosystems II contain.
2)How much of this pigment does photosystems II contain.

Back 11

1)chlorofyll B
2) 80%

Front 12

Besides chlorofyll B, what other pigment does photosystem II contain

Back 12

20 PERCENT CAROTENOIDS(YELLOW, ORANGE+ RED PIGMENTS THAT ABSORB LIGHT

Front 13

What kind of light is absorbed by Chlorofyll B

Back 13

MOSTLY BLUE LIGHT

Front 14

What color are Chlorofyll A & B pigments

Back 14

Green

Front 15

A stack of thylakoids

Back 15

Grana

Front 16

The stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid of the cell, in which a glucose is broken into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate

Back 16

glycosis

Front 17

What do the letters ATP stand for

Back 17

AdenosineTriphosphate-

consists 0f adenosine and (tri) 3 phosphates

Front 18

Is Fermentaion aerobic or anaeroblic respiration?

Back 18

fermentation is anaerobic

Front 19

Where does AEROBIC respiration OCCUR

Back 19

Mitochondria

Front 20

AEROBIC RESPIRATION OCCURS AFTER what kind of
respiration

Back 20

anaerobic

Front 21

electron transport chain

Back 21

Completed inside the inner mitochondrial membrane

-ATP is produced when high-energy potential electrons are transferred from NADH to FADH2 to oxygen by a series of carrier molecules.

Front 22

citric acid cycle

Back 22

-For each molecule of glucose, you get two pyruvates, so:

6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP are generated

Front 23

cellular respiration

Back 23

Yields 36-38 ATP (vs. 2 ATP through glycolysis)

-Oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons, so it is an aerobic process.

There are three stages:
1. Pyruvate decarboxylation
2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle)
3. Electron Transport Chain

Front 24

There are 4 steps to aerobic respiration

Back 24

Aerobic respiration has four stages

1)Glycolysis - A six-carbon glucose molecule is converted to two, 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. This process occurs in the cytoplasm. In order to initiate the process, 2 molecules of ATP are consumed. Four molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH are produced;
3) Formation of acetyl
coenzyme A - Each pyruvate molecules is oxidized to carbon dioxide and a 2-carbon acetyl group. The carbon dioxide is released as a waste product, and the 2-carbon acetyl group is bound to coenzyme A and brought into the mitochondrion;
2) citric acid cycle - Each of the 2-carbon acetyl groups produced from the original glucose molecule is bonded to a pre-existing molecule of oxaloacetate to form citrate (i.e. citric acid). These two citric acid molecules are gradually oxidized, and the hydrogen ions are bound to NAD to form NADH and to FAD to form FADH2. Oxaloacetate is produced when the last carbon atom is released in the form of carbon dioxide;
4) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis - The electrons removed from the molecules in glycolysis and citric acid follow a series of cytochromes on the mitochondrial membrane, while the hydrogen ions (protons) are pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These protons flow through ATP synthase enzyme molecules, and thereby release energy which drives the formation of ATP molecules.

Front 25

What are the 4 steps to Aerobic respiration

Back 25

1)Glycosis
2)formation of Acetyl
CoenzymeA
3)Citric Acid Cycle
4)Electron Transport Chain &
chemiosmosis
(chemi osmosis)

Front 26

Where does glycolisis occur

Back 26

cytoplasm

Front 27

where is ATP formed

Back 27

mitochondra

Front 28

chemiosmosis
(chemi osmosis)

Back 28

a process by which atp is formed in mitochondria as protons(h+) flow down a proton gradient through the atp synthetase complex in the cristae membrane

Front 29

Where does glycolisis occur

Back 29

cytoplasm

Front 30

chemiosmosis
(chemi osmosis)

Back 30

a process by which atp is formed in mitochondria as protons flow down a proton gradient through the atp synthetase complex in the cristae membrane

Front 31

What is the Main purpose of the Krebs Cycle(citric acid cycle)

Back 31

to provide high-energy electrons in the form of FADH2 and NADH to be passed onward to the electron transport chain.

Front 32

After the Krebs Cycle Forms the electrons in the form of FADH2 and NADH they are passed over to the transport chain. Where is the transport chain?

Back 32

Mitochondrial membrane
The high-energy electrons contained in NADH and FADH2 are passed on to a series of enzyme complexes in the mitochondrial membrane.

Front 33

The next step during the electron transport chain is chemiosmosis (chemi osmosis)

Back 33

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis - The electrons removed from the molecules in glycolysis and citric acid follow a series of cytochromes on the mitochondrial membrane, while the h+ (hydrogen ions) (protons) are pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These protons flow through ATP synthase enzyme molecules, and thereby release energy which drives the formation of ATP molecules.

Front 34

Substrate - Leval Phosphorylation

Back 34

Process that produces a small amount of
durring glycosis.