Biology 100 Lab Test 1

Front 1

How to write a genus and species name.

Back 1

Genus name capilitised, species name not; both must be italicized or underlined

Front 2

species

Back 2

a series of populations of closely related and similar organisms

Front 3

major classification categories

Back 3

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Front 4

taxonomy

Back 4

branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms with reference to their position in the kingdom

Front 5

dichotomous key

Back 5

identify organisms based on a series of paired choices

Front 6

anterior

Back 6

head region

Front 7

posterior

Back 7

tail end

Front 8

dorsal

Back 8

back side

Front 9

ventral

Back 9

front side

Front 10

medial

Back 10

mid line of body

Front 11

lateral

Back 11

sides of body

Front 12

distal

Back 12

a part that is farthest from a point of reference

Front 13

proximal

Back 13

a part that is nearest to a point of reference

Front 14

pectoral

Back 14

chest region

Front 15

pelvic

Back 15

hip region

Front 16

frontal plane

Back 16

divided body into dorsal and ventral

Front 17

sagittal plane

Back 17

divides into right and left halves

Front 18

transverse plane

Back 18

cuts through a dorsoventral and right-left axis at right angles

Front 19

grades of organization

Back 19

protoplasmic; cellular; cell-tissue; tissue-organ; organ-system

Front 20

protoplasmic

Back 20

unicellular; protoplasm within cell differentiated into organelles

Front 21

cellular grade

Back 21

division of labour among cells; may become organized into tissues (phylum porifera)

Front 22

cell-tissue grade

Back 22

aggregation of tissues into organs (phylum cnidaria)

Front 23

tissue-organ grade

Back 23

aggregation of tissues into organs (phylum platyhelminthes)

Front 24

organ-system

Back 24

organs work together to perform a function

Front 25

spheric symmetry

Back 25

any plane which passes through the center and divides body into equal, mirrored halves; in protozoans

Front 26

radial symmetry

Back 26

a plane passing through the longitudinal axis divides body into similar halves; phylum porifera, cnidaria, echinodermata

Front 27

bilateral symmetry

Back 27

a sagittal plane divides organism into two mirrored halves; complex phyla

Front 28

zygotes

Back 28

what sexually reproducing organisms begin life as

Front 29

blastula stage

Back 29

when embryo is a ball of cells

Front 30

gastrula stage

Back 30

development of germ layers; development of organs

Front 31

diploblastic animal

Back 31

two germ layers; ectoderm and endoderm

Front 32

tripoblastic animal

Back 32

three cell layers; ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Front 33

coelom

Back 33

body cavity in tripoblastic animals; fluid-filled space surrounding gut that is lined with tissue

Front 34

cephalization

Back 34

process by which specialization, particularly of th esense organs and appendhages becomes localized in head end of the animal

Front 35

phylum porifera

Back 35

many pores

Front 36

pinococytes

Back 36

help control size of water entrances and exits; able to phagocytize food particles

Front 37

porocytes

Back 37

intracellular canal through which water passes on way to spongocoel

Front 38

spongocoel

Back 38

large central cavity in sponge

Front 39

choanocytes

Back 39

create water currents by means of their flagella to try to trap food and phagocytize it

Front 40

mesohyl

Back 40

gelatinous matrix

Front 41

amoebocytes

Back 41

free-moving cells within mesohyl; transport, digest, store food, expel wastes, form gemmules, produce spongin/spicules

Front 42

spongin

Back 42

secreted by amoeboid cells; very resistant to digestion/decay; phylum porifera

Front 43

spicules

Back 43

microscopic crystal-like structures formed by amoebocytes

Front 44

ascon body type

Back 44

simplest; vase shaped with a large central spongocoel lined with choancytes

Front 45

osculum

Back 45

where water and food particles flow in through the pores in the body wall; in ascon

Front 46

sycon body type

Back 46

infolding of body walls; have central cavity and complex series of canals; enters via intercurrent canals, passes through body into radial canals, exits through osculum

Front 47

leucon body type

Back 47

most complex/most common; composed of solid masses of cells which are perforated by canal systems and choanocyte-lined hcambers; most efficient

Front 48

asexual reproduction

Back 48

budding off new individuals from the tissues of old ones

Front 49

gemmules

Back 49

consist of a mass of mesohyl cells surrounded by a protective coat strenthened by spicules; winter bodies

Front 50

sexual reproduction

Back 50

eggs and sperm are released into water by same individual

Front 51

monoecious

Back 51

when possesses male and female reproductive structyures

Front 52

phylum porifera three classes

Back 52

class calcarea, hexactinellida, demospongiae; based on skeletal system

Front 53

class calcarea

Back 53

marine sponges; live at depths of 100m attached to solid support; 1, 3, 4 armed spicules composed of calcium carbonate; may be ascon, sycon, leucon

Front 54

class hexatinellida

Back 54

glass sponges; deep-water; 6 rayed spicules; no spongin; bodies cylindrical

Front 55

class demospongiae

Back 55

95% of sponge species; treelike upright bodies contain spongin; 1-4 rayes of spicules; have leucon body type

Front 56

phylum cnidaria

Back 56

needle; radially symmetrical; jellyfish, etc; diploblastic; no true organs; tentacles; two body types- polyp, medusa

Front 57

eumetazoan branch

Back 57

characterized by organization of cells into tissues

Front 58

sac-type gastrovascular cavity

Back 58

where a single opening serves as mouth and anus; can ingest larger food

Front 59

mesoglea

Back 59

lies within two layers in phylum cnidaria; contains scattered cells, extensive nerve net

Front 60

polymorphism

Back 60

more than one body type

Front 61

polp form

Back 61

clindrical animals with mouse and tentacles at one end facing upwards

Front 62

medusa

Back 62

free-swimming, umbrella shaped creatures with mouth and tentacles on lower concave surface, facing downwards

Front 63

class hydrozoa

Back 63

polps dominant; produced by budding; small; have velum

Front 64

velum

Back 64

margin of bell projects inward to form a shelf; hydrozoa

Front 65

class scyphozoa

Back 65

true jellyfishes; medusa; velum; long arms

Front 66

class anthozoa

Back 66

flower animals; all marine; mose advanced; polyp; asexual and sexual

Front 67

hydra

Back 67

class hydrozoa; no brian, just loose network of nerve cells (nerve net); water held under pressure in body- hydrostatic skeleton

Front 68

obelia

Back 68

hydrozoan; forms colony of polyps; polyps produce medusa buds

Front 69

phylum platehelminthes

Back 69

flat worms; bilateral symmetry; tissues into organs; nervous system organized; gastrovascular system

Front 70

acoelomates

Back 70

no body cavity

Front 71

non-parasitic platyhelminthes

Back 71

developed organ systems;

Front 72

parasitic platyhelminthes

Back 72

systems have been reduced; have suckers; coating on outside; enlarged reproductive system;

Front 73

three classes of platyhelminthes

Back 73

turbellaria, trematoda, cestoda

Front 74

class turbellaria

Back 74

carnivores; feed through a prostusible pharynx; flatworms- dugesia

Front 75

class trematoda

Back 75

parasitic flukes; small, leaf shaped internal parasites

Front 76

class cestoda

Back 76

parasitic tapeworms; flattened and segmented

Front 77

ectoparasites

Back 77

live on external surfaces of host

Front 78

endoparasites

Back 78

live on inside of host

Front 79

digenetic

Back 79

two different host species in life cycle; (this is what flukes are)