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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA Polymerase
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Enzyme that builds a molecule
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Helicose
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unwinding, locks onto DNA molecule unwinds it and opens it up
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Adenine fits with
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Thymine
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Cytosine fits with
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Guamine
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Ribose
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sugar in RNA
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Deoxyribose
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Sugar in DNA
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Semi-Conservative Replication
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half of DNA molecule (original) is conserved in the new molecule
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DNA replication
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Parent strands in each helix
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Point Mutation
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Affect singular nucleotides, frequently found and repaired
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Mutations
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cyctic fibrosis, insertion & deletion
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Large Mutations
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Inversions, Translocation, HOpping genes
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Silent Mutations
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Don't affect anything
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Genome
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Complete collection of all genes in DNA in a cell contains chromosomes
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Chromosomes
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pieces of DNA organized into groups that will always have some genes that contain some proteing of manufacture
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Gene
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Portion of DNA that carries information for building protein...carried by RNA
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Genotype
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What's written in the genes
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Phonotype
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Physical manifestations of the instructions
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Alleles
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Most genes have 10,20,30 these change the way we look.
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Coding & Non-Coding Regions in Genes
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exons and introns
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DNA
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Recipe for building proteins...the processes
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Transcription
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a copy of the gene's base sequence
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Translation
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taking that transcript and translated it into a protein (cytoplasm)
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mRna
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Messenger RNA aka Transcript
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rRNA
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set of directions for building ribosomes
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tRNA
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responsible for bringing the amino acids (transfer) to the site of protein productions
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How many proteins?
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300,000
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4 Nitrogen Containing Bases
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Thymine, Guanine, Adenine, and Cytosine
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DNA shape
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Helical, Chargaff's rule
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Four Levels of Protein Structure
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Primary structure, Secondary structure, Tertrory structure, quaternory structure
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Nucleotides
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energy cariers, introcellular messengers (phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
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Platelets
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particles of what was once a large cell, but exploded into bloodstream
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Fibrinogen
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Fibrin like strings
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Anti-body
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Acts like a flag will mark a pathogen
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Hormones
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Insulin, Melatonin
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Phospholipids
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A class of lipids and are a major component of cell membranes
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Dehydrations Synthesis
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Water pulled out to link proteins
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Polysaccharides
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Large polymers of carbs
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Hydrolysis
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Water added to pull molecule apart
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Life's macromolecules
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic Acids
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Carbohydrates
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Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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Monomers
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single unit of molecule that can be added to other like it to make a bigger one
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Polymer
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many monomers together
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Macro molecules
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constant purposes or functions tools of molecular world called functional groups
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
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Proteins, Carbs, lipids, and nucleic acids all made of those
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ATGGACT match
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UACCUGA
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DNA carries info for building
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Proteins
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Electrophoresis
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Fragments of DNA are seperated by this
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mRNA transcription occurs where?
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nucleus of a cell
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Restriction Enzyme
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used to cut DNA
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Different DNA fingerprints, why?
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Different sized repeats between genes
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Adenine and Thymine Bonded by what?
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Hydrogen Bonds
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Guanine always fits with?
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Cytosine
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Nucleotides
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The sugar phosphate, and nitrogenous base that assemble to form DNA
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Isotope
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Atom with a changed number of neutrons
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