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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is anatomy
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the study of the structure and organization of the body and its parts
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what is physiology
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the study of the function of the body and its parts
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list the levels of organization
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atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organismic
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what is an atom
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the basic building block of chemicals
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what is a molecule
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a combination of atoms
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what is a macromolecule
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2 or more molecules
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what is an organelle
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a tiny microscopic subunit of a cell that carries out specific functions like an organ within a cell
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what is a cell
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the basic structural and functional unit of the body. all the processes of life occurs with in cells
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what is a tissue
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similar cells performing similar functions
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what is an organ
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2 or more tissues working together enabling the organ to perform specific funtions
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what is an organ system
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a coordinated functional group of organs
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what is the highest organizational level
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the organismic level a human
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what are the 11 systems of the body
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integumentary system, respatory, nervous,endocrine, muscular, skeletal, lymphatic, reproduction, digestive, cardiovascular system, urinary
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what is the anatomical position
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the standard position face up, arms at side palms up.
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what are the 2 body regions
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axial and appendicular portion
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what is the axial portion of the body
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head neck and torso
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what is the appendicular portion of the body
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legs and arms
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anterior
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front of body
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posterior
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back of body
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superior
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to the head
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inferior
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away from the head
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medial
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toward the midline of the body
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lateral
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away from the midline
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parietal
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outer boundary of body cavaties
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visceral
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internal organs
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external
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toward or on the body surface
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internal
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away from the body surface
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proximal
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part of an extremity that is neater to the point of attachment of the extermity
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distal
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distant from the point of attachment in the extremity of the body
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central
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at or near the center of the body or organ
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peripheral
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external to or away from the center of the body or organ
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what are transverse planes
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divide the body into superior and inferior portions
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sagittal planes
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divide body into right and left portions
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what is midsagittal or medial
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plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal left and right sections
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what are coronal or frontal planes
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divide the body into anterior and posterior portions
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what are the two major cavities of the body that contain internal organs
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dorsal and ventral
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what are the 2 subdivisions or the dorsal cavity
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cranial (houses brain) and vertebral canal (houses spinal cord)
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what divides the ventral cavaty
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the diaphram
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what are the two subdivisions of the ventral cavity
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thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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what does the thoracic cavity contain
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heart and lungs, protected by the rib cage
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what are the 2 subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity
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abdominal cavity and pelvic
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how many regions does abdominopelvic have
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9 regions
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how many quadrants does the abdominopelvic area have
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4 quadrants
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name the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic
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right hypochondriac region, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumba, umbilical region, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac region
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name the 4 quadrants of the abdo-pelv area
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left upper, right upper, right lower, left lower quadrants
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what is a metabolism
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all of lifes processes and chemical reactions
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what is anabolism
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processes that use energy and nutrients to build complex organic moleculas that compose the body
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what is catabolism
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process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules
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what are the 5 basic survival needs
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food, water, oxygen, body temp, and atmospheric temperature
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why do we need food
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provides chemicals for energy to maintain cells
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why do we need water
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water provides the environment in which chemical reactions occur
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why do we need oxygen
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to convert organic nutrients into energy
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why is body temperature important
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to allow chemical reactions of the human metabolism to occur
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why is atmospheric pressure important>
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required for breathing
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what is homeostasis
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the mainenance of a relatively stable inernal environment
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what are negative feedback mechanisms
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its a form of regulation if something is altering the homeostasis of the body, the body reacts back to fix it and stop it.
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what is positive feedback mechanism
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rare, stimulate and promote the change in the body. such as contractions when having a baby
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what is chemistry
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the scientific study of substances especially the interactions
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what is matter
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anything that has weight and occupies space
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what are elements
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substances that cannot be chemically broken down into a simplar substance.
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what are the 4 major elements found in an organism
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Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
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what is the basic structure of an atom
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composed of 3 subatomic particles: proton, neutron, and electron
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what is a proton
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prositive electric charge
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what is an electron
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negative charge
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what is a neutron
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no charge
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what is the nucleus
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the center of an atom
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what 2 things are contained in a necleus
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protons and neutrons
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where are electrons located
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orbiting at a high speed around nucleus.
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what is the atomic number
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number of protons and electrons in each atom
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what is the atomic weight
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the number of protons and nuetrons
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what is an isotope
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all atoms have the same number of protons as they do electrons, but isotopes have a different number of neutrons
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what are isotopes used for
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for radical treatments of cancer like chemo
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what is a chemical compound
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2 atoms/elements combined equally . a compound can be broken down to a simpler substance ( like an element)
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what is a chemical formula
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it expresses the chemical composition of a molecule. h2o is a chemical formula
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what is a chemical bond
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electrons from different atoms which join together to make a molecule. its a force of chemical attraction between 2
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what is ionic bonding
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it is when 2 atoms combine by either giving atoms from their outside calence shell or recieving atoms from the outisde valence shell
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which atoms donate and which atoms recieve
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atoms with 3 or less electrons in the valence shells donate atoms with 5 or more tend to recieve
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what is an ionic bond
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a force of attractionthat is formed inbetween ions of opposite electrical charges
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what is a covalent bond
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atoms that form molecules by sharing electrons. the electrons orbit around each atom part of the time so that they can be counter in the outer shell of each atom. the structure of most living things is made up of covalent bonds
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WHAT IS A HYDROGEN BOND
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a weak attractive force between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom.
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what is synthesis
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simple substances combining to form a more complex one. like hydrogen and oxygen combining to form water.
A+B-> AB |
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what is decompostion
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a complex substance that is broken down into a simpler one. like boiling water and it turning back into hydrogen and oxygen
AB-> A+B |
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what are organic compounds
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molecules with few atoms that contain either carbon or hydrogen and are formed by ionic bonding
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what are inorganic compounds
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molecules with many atoms containing both hydrogen and carbon and are formed by covalent bonding
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why is water an important compound
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its the most abundant compound in the body, it is able to absorb or release heat without much change to its own temperature thus helps to distribute heat throughout body. it is an excellent solvent and helps dissolve solutes, most chemical reactions that take place are in aqueos solutions, and serves as a great lubricant for the muscles and joints
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where can water be found
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Intracellular fluid: in the cells, extracellular: ouside of cells, tissue fluid: in spaces between cells, Plasma- fluid portion of blood- lymph- fluid in lymphatic vessels: and specialized fluids
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