Biology 1 Test

Front 1

7 Characteriestics of living organisims

Back 1

Cellular organization, Ordered complexity, Sensitivity, Growth /Reproduction, Energy Utilization, Evolutionary adapting, Homeostasis

Front 2

Prokaryote

Back 2

Has no nucleus, no membrane bound organelle (ex.bacteria)

Front 3

Eukaryote

Back 3

Does not have a nucleus, organelles, Complex. (ex:humans)

Front 4

The Science of life

Back 4

Organisms show hierarchical organization. (Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere)

Front 5

Animal kingdom

Back 5

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Front 6

Tissue>Organ>organ system>organism>population>species>community>ecosystem>Biopshere

Front 7

Deductive reasoning

Back 7

Generalized to specific (ex:mammals>hair)

Front 8

Inductive reasoning

Back 8

Specific observations to General (ex: Dog>Hair)

Front 9

Spontaneous generatioon

Back 9

Popped up out of nowhere

Front 10

Biogenesis/germ theory

Back 10

have to come from seomthing

Front 11

Reductionism

Back 11

To break a complex process down to its simplest parts

Front 12

Systems biology

Back 12

Focus on emergent properties that can't be understood by looking at simpler parts

Front 13

Darwin/ Thomas Malthus

Back 13

Survival of the fittest, Population increase geometrically, Humans can only increase their food supply arithmetically, fossil record, Earths age

Front 14

Comparative anatomy

Back 14

Did species have similar structure

Front 15

Homologous

Back 15

Same evolutionary Origin

Front 16

Analogous

Back 16

Structures of different origin used for same purpose (Butterflies and bird wing)

Front 17

Cell theory

Back 17

All organisms are composed of cells, cells are life's basic units , all cells come from pre-existing cells. (Bio-genesis/Germ theory)

Front 18

3 Domains

Back 18

[Bacteria, Archaea (Prokaryotes)] [Eukarya (Eukaryotes)]

Front 19

Evolutionary conservation

Back 19

All organisms come from same simple creater 3.5BYA

Front 20

Atomic structure

Back 20

Protons(+) Neutrons Electrons(-)

Front 21

Atomic number

Back 21

Number of protons in that atom

Front 22

Element

Back 22

any substance that cannot be broken down naturally

Front 23

Atomic mass

Back 23

Protons+neutrons

Front 24

Each proton/neutron has a mass of

Back 24

1 Dalton

Front 25

Electrons

Back 25

Negatively charged particles in orbitals

Front 26

Ion

Back 26

unbalanced atoms

Front 27

Cation

Back 27

loss of electrons- -> Positive charge (ca+ion) [+'v]

Front 28

Anion

Back 28

gain of electron -> Negative charge (aNion) [-'v]

Front 29

Isotopes

Back 29

Atom with different # of neutrons than protons. (Radioactive)

Front 30

Half life

Back 30

time it takes for one half of the atoms in a sample to decay

Front 31

Carbon 12

Back 31

P-6 N-6 E-6 ( balanced )

Front 32

Carbon 13

Back 32

P-6 N-7 E-6 (isotope)

Front 33

Carbon 14

Back 33

P-6 N-8 E-6 (isotope)

Front 34

Octet rule

Back 34

In shell L,M,N there are a max or 8 electrons. In shell K there is a max of 2

Front 35

How many naturally occurring elements?

Back 35

90. Only 12 are found in living organisms.

Front 36

Redox reactions

Back 36

The kids or gain of one or more electrons

Front 37

Oxidation

Back 37

Loss of electron

Front 38

Reduction

Back 38

Gain of electron

Front 39

Covalent bonds

Back 39

Share electron, no net charge, polar/nonpolar

Front 40

Ionic bond

Back 40

Formed attraction of opposite charged ion, medium strength

Front 41

Hydrogen bonds

Back 41

Weakest bond

Front 42

Polar covalent bonds

Back 42

Unequal sharing of electrons

Front 43

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Back 43

Equal sharing of electrons

Front 44

Synthesis reaction

Back 44

Build up/ Require energy / Anabolic reaction (A+B=AB)

Front 45

Decomposition reaction

Back 45

Break down, release energy, catabolic reaction (AB-> A+B)

Front 46

Exchange reaction

Back 46

AB+CD-> AD+CB

Front 47

Reversible reaction

Back 47

A+B-><-AB

Front 48

Catabolic

Back 48

Break down

Front 49

Anabolic

Back 49

Build up

Front 50

Catalyst

Back 50

Enzyme that speed up a reaction

Front 51

Hydrophilic

Back 51

Water loving

Front 52

Hydrophobic

Back 52

Water repelling

Front 53

Acids and Bases

Back 53

0 - more acidic 7 neutral 14 more basic

Front 54

Salt

Back 54

Anything that breaks down and does not give you hydrogen is a salt

Front 55

Buffer

Back 55

Resist a change in pH

Front 56

Water to dioxide to carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion to hydrogen ion

Back 56

P

Front 57

Inorganic

Back 57

Carbon with any element that is not hydrogen

Front 58

Organic

Back 58

Carbon+hydrogen+anything else

Front 59

Carbon skeleton (hydrocarbon)

Back 59

Front 60

Ketone

Back 60

Attached to carbon

Front 61

Functional groups

Back 61

Front 62

Isomers

Back 62

Molecule with the same molecular or empirical formula

Front 63

Stereo isomer

Back 63

Mirror image molecule

Front 64

Monomer for carbohydrates

Back 64

Monosaccharide

Front 65

Monomer for protein

Back 65

Amino acid

Front 66

Monomer for lipid

Back 66

Glycerol+fatty acid chain

Front 67

Monomer for nucleic acid

Back 67

Nucleotides( phosphate group) deoxyribose- no oxygen, ribose -oxygen

Front 68

Lyse

Back 68

Break apart

Front 69

Carbohydrates

Back 69

Molecules with 1:2:1

Front 70

Dna

Back 70

L

Front 71

7 major protein functions

Back 71

**

Front 72

4 levels of protein

Back 72

Primary structure ( simple polypeptide chain) Secondary ( pleaded sheet ) tertiary (multiple foldings) quaternary (many tertiary all together)

Front 73

Translation

Back 73

Take rna and make a protein

Front 74

Lipids

Back 74

Insoluble in water

Front 75

hierarchal organization of life

Back 75

Atoms, molecule, organelle,cell ,tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Front 76

Different bonds

Back 76

Covalent, polar covalent, ionic,hydrogen

Front 77

Endosymbiosis

Back 77

This theory suggests that mitochondria and plastids in eukaryotic cells were once independent prokaryotic cells.

Front 78

Prokaryote vs eukaryote

Back 78

The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.