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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amino Acid
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Building block of a protein molecule containing four different atoms: C,H,O,N. 2 other amino acids contain sulfer. In a protein molecule 20 amino acids are found. Glycine and alanine form glycylalanine.
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Lipid
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Efficient energy storage compounds composed of carbon,Hydrogen,and oxygen atoms.Fats.Triglycerol and simple fats are most common in human diet and bodies.
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Glycerol
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A three carbon sugar cells form glycerol from glucose, contains C,H, and O
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Monosaccharides
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Single sugar molecules. 2 monosaccharides can bond to form a disaccharide. Glucose and fructose are examplys of monosaccharides.
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polysaccharides
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A carbohydrate that has three or more monosaccharides joined chemically.
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Protons
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positively charged particles
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electron
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negetively charged particles
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Neutron
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uncharged particles
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organic compounds
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biological molecules built of carbon combined with other elements.Can be broken down to elements from which they were formed.
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Ion
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charged particle that has either a negetive or positive charge.
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Enzymes
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specialized and highly specific catalysts present in organisms are proteins called enzymes.
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catalysts
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substances that promote chemical reactions
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ionization
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compounds not made of ionsca nundergo a reaction called ionization
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decompostion
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process of talking molecules apart;heat and chemicals are chief agents
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PH Scale
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scale from 0 to 14 reflecting concentration of H ions; lower than 7 means acidic, higher than 7 means basic and 7 means neutral
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Synthesis
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Reactions that make compounds
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Nuceic acid
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hereditary or genetic, material for all organisms
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Proteins
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function as enzymes and from part of cell structure.
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Carbohydrate
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organic compound made of C,H,O with H and O atoms in a 2:1 ratio. Sugar, starchm glycogen,and cellulose are examples of carbohydrates.
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cellulose
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gives cell walls surrounding plant cells their rigidity.
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Cholesterol
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structural component of cells and is used by the body to make hormones and other important compounds
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Triglyceride
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simple fats consists of three fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule.
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Dipeptides
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two amino acids linked together to form dipeptide
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polypeptide
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long chain of amino acids
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active site
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specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to substrate through weak chemical bonds.
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enzyme-substrate complex
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an enzyme molecule together with the molecule on which it acts,correctly arranged at the active site of an enzyme
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Substrate
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molecules on which an enzyme acts.
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Osmosis
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net movement of H2O molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high h2o concentration until an equillibrium is reached.
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