Biology

Front 1

Biology

Back 1

Is the study of life

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

Is anything that takes up space and has mass

Front 3

Element

Back 3

Is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Front 4

Molecule

Back 4

Is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Front 5

Compound

Back 5

Is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Front 6

Atom

Back 6

Is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Front 7

Atomic nucleus

Back 7

Neutrons and protons form

Front 8

Daltons

Back 8

Neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured in daltons

Front 9

Atomic number

Back 9

Is the number of protons in its nucleus

Front 10

Atomic mass number

Back 10

Is the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Front 11

Atomic mass

Back 11

The atoms total mass, can be approximated by the mass number

Front 12

Isotopes

Back 12

Are two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons

Front 13

Radioactive isotopes

Back 13

Decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

Front 14

Energy

Back 14

Is the capacity to cause change

Front 15

Potential energy

Back 15

Is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure

Front 16

Electron shell

Back 16

And electrons state of potential energy

Front 17

Electron shell diagrams

Back 17

The shell closest to the nucleus can hold a maximum of two electrons; otherwise, up to eight electrons can occupy each shell

Front 18

Octet rule

Back 18

Atoms seek an arrangement that will surround them with eight electrons in the outer shell

Front 19

Valence electrons

Back 19

Are those in the outermost shell

Front 20

Orbital

Back 20

Is the three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

Front 21

Chemical bonds

Back 21

Atoms staying close together

Front 22

Ion

Back 22

Charged atom or molecule

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Cation

Back 23

Positively charged ion

Front 24

Anion

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Negatively charged ion

Front 25

Ionic bond

Back 25

Is an attraction between an anion and a cation

Front 26

Ionic compounds

Back 26

Formed by ionic bonds

Front 27

Covalent bond

Back 27

Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

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Molecule

Back 28

Consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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Single bond

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Sharing of one pair of valence electrons

Front 30

Double bond

Back 30

Sharing of two pairs of valence electrons

Front 31

Structural formula

Back 31

The notation used to represent atoms and bonding

Ex: H-H

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Molecular formula

Back 32

H2

Front 33

Compound

Back 33

Combination of two or more different elements

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Valence

Back 34

Bonding capacity is called the atoms valence

Front 35

Electronegativity

Back 35

Is an atoms attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

Front 36

Nonpolar covalent bond

Back 36

Atoms share electron equally

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Polar covalent bond

Back 37

One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally

Front 38

Hydrogen bond

Back 38

Forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Front 39

Chemical reactions

Back 39

Are making and breaking of chemical bonds

Front 40

Reactants

Back 40

The starting molecules of a chemical reaction

Front 41

Products

Back 41

The final molecules of a chemical reaction