Biology-Population Size And Ecosystem

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Population

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an interbreeding group of organism of the same species occupying a particular habit

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Birth rate

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Number of new individuals derived form reproduction per unit time

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Negative feedback

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Process that brings about a reversal of any change in conditions

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Equilibrium species

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Species that control their population by competition rather than reproduction or dispersal

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Fugitive species

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Rely on large capacity for reproduction and dispersal to increase numbers

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Phases of 1 step growth curve + it's description

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Lag phase, Exponential phase, Stationary phase, Death phase

Growth pattern is Sigmoid (S- shape) curve

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Environment resistance

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Environmental factors that slow down population growth

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Immigration

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Movement of individuals into a population of the same species

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Biotic factors

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Part of the environment of an organism that is living- pathogens, predators

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Carrying capacity

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Maximum number around which population fluctuates in a given environment

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Abiotic factors

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A part of the environment of the organism that's is non-living ( Air temp, oxygen avaibility)

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Measuring animal abundance methods

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-Capture-mark-recapture (Lincoln index)

-kick sampling in a stream and counting aquatic invertebrates caught in net down stream

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Plant Abundance

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Quadrat to calculate mean, in known area

Estimate % cover of a in which individuals are hard to recognise

Estimate % frequency

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Distribution

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Area/Volume in which the organism of a species are found

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Kite diagrams- what does it show?

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% area cover of the species across the belt transect

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Ecosystem

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A characteristic community of interdependent species interacting with abiotic components of their habitat

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Habitat

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Place in which an organism lives

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Biomass

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Mass of biological material in living/ recently living organisms

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Community

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Interacting population of 2 or more species in the same habitat at the same time

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Trophic level

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Feeding level; number of times the energy has been transferred between sun and successive organism along a food chain

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Saprobiont

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A micro-organisn that obtains it's food from the dead or decaying remains of other organism

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Gross primary productivity

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The rate of production of chemical energy in organic molecules by photosynthesis in a given area in a given time

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Net primary productivity

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Energy in plants biomass which is avaible to the primary consumer

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Primary productivity

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Rate at which energy is converted into biomass by producer

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Secondly productivity

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Rate this which consumers convert chemical energy from their food into biomass

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Succession

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Change in structure and species composition of a community over time

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Climax community

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New species invades and replaces existing ones until eventually a stable community is formed and no further changes occur

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Primary succession

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Changes in structure and species composition of a community over time in an area that had not been previously colonised

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Pioneer species

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First species to colonise a new area in an ecological succession

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Sere

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Sequence of stages in succession

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Seral stage

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Stage of sere

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Secondary succession

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Changes in community following the disturbance or damage to a colonised habitat

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Niche

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Role and position a species has in its environment including all interactions with biotic and abiotic factors of its environment

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Abundance

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Number of individuals in a species in a given area/volume