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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 components of emotion
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cognitions
feelings actions |
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James-Lange theory
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event >>> cognitive appraisal >>> action (behaviors, including physiology) >>> emotional feeling
arousal and actions lead to emotion |
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pure autonomic behavior
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no output from the autonomic nervous system to the body
no physical responses to stress like heart rate, etc. cognitively "feel" an emotion, but weak feeling response |
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Inability to frown leads to...
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interference in processing unpleasant info
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Moebius syndrome
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cannot move facial muscles to smile
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Limbic system
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forebrain areas surrounding thalamus
critical for emotion hippocampus, frontal lobe, amygdala, etc |
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Do cells respond to a particular emotion?
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No
except disgust |
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Insular cortex / Insula
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activated by disgusting pic or disgusted expression
primary taste cortex also responds to scary pics and angry faces |
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Left hemisphere contributions
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--left frontal & temporal lobes
--BAS - Behavioral Activating System --low or moderate autonomic arousal, tendency to approach (could be happiness or anger) --more activity here = happier, outgoing, fun-loving |
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Right hemisphere contributions
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--right frontal & temporal lobes
--BIS - Behavioral Inhibition System --increases attention & arousal, inhibits action, stimulates emotion such as fear or disgust --more activity here = withdrawn, low life satisfaction, prone to --unpleasant emotions --more responsive to emotional stimuli --when inactive, people do not experience strong emotions or remember feeling them |
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People who are good at detecting their autonomic responses...
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may have valid gut feelings about dangers they can't consciously identify
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Damage to frontal cortex
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--Phineas Gage, Antonio Damasio
--impaired decision making, impulsive decisions, blunted emotions --understand consequences of a decision, but can't decide what's better or worse |
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Damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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no sense of guilt or concern for others
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Feedback from facial movements or other actions...
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strengthen an emotional feeling but are not necessary to feel it.
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Easier to feel angry when...
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standing (attack position). less so when lying down
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Violence
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--genetic predisposition + troubled early environment
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Monoamine Oxidase
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--breaks down dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin which lowers the available amount
--low MAO activity + bad childhood = high antisocial behavior |
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what happens after an attack
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activity builds up in the corticomedial area of the amygdala
more likely to attack again |
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Triple imbalance hypothesis
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testosterone
cortisol (increases w/ stress, increases fear. low cortisol = no inhibitions) serotonin - inhibits violent impulses |
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How do researches estimate serotonin turnover?
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amount of 5-HIAA
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Low serotonin turnover =
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more likely to be impulsive or violent
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High 5HT =
Low 5HT = |
high = inhibition of impulses
low = removes inhibitions |
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startle reflex
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auditory info to cochlear nucleus (in medulla)
goes to pons and tenses neck muscles |
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important area for enhancing startle reflex, and learning what to fear
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amygdala
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bed nucleus of the stria terminalus
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long-term generalized emotional arousal depends on it
s.t. is set of axons connecting this nucleus to the amyg |
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
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damage to amyg
tame, placid, unafraid of dangerous situations |
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human amyg responds strongly to:
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scary photos or faces showing fear
responds most strongly to a face that is harder to interpret |
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Overall unpleasant emotional state correlates with...
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high amyg responsiveness
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Urbach-Wiethe disease
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amyg damage
show no fear lack of attn to eyes |
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panic disorder
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double jointed people
decreased GABA lvls increased orexin lvls |
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benzodiazepines
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common anti-anxiety drugs
valium, xanax binds to the GABA a receptor twists it and allows GABA to bind more easily sooooo MORE GABAness\ can cause mem loss and sleepiness |
