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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ADHD
DSM-IV |
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: The Medical Model
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ADHD
The Medical Model characteristics |
Psychologidcal disorders seen as diseases
Disorder is classified as present or absent Clinical cutpoints are often identical for all individuals, and symptom lists are similar, with limited regard for age and no regard for gender Usually no indication of how or why the disorder develops Disorder is located within the individual, with little regard for familial or sociocultural context |
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ADHD
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A developmental failure in the brain circuitry that underlines behavioral inhibition and sustained attention (concentration). Impaired self control leads to poor ability to delay gratification |
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ADHD
Subtypes |
Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
Inattentive Type Combined type All need 6+ of symptoms Some symptoms causing impairment before age of 7 Some impairment in 2 or more settings |
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ADHD
Hyperactive-Impulsive Type |
6+ symptoms
Often fidgets Often leaves seat Often runs or climbs excessively when inappropriate Often has difficulty playing quietly Often on the go Often talks excessively Often blurts out answers Often has dificulty awaiting turn Often interrupts or intrudes on others |
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ADHD
Inattentive type |
6+ sypmtoms
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes Often has difficulty sustaining attention Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow directions and fails to finish tasks Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustaining mental effort Often loses things Is easily distracted Is forgetful in daily activities |
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Gender Differences
ADHD |
Boys 3x more likely than girls
-genetically more prone to nervous system disorders -Societal explanation (differences in norms for inattentive and hy[eractive behavior) Girls who do not meet full criteria may still experience negative consequences |
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ADHD
Alerting Network |
Children with ADHD have poor vigilance in a boring computerized task requiring sustaining responding for 15 min
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ADHD
Orienting Network |
Children with ADHD are less able to prepare themselves to press one of several keys when they see a warning light signaling tha tthe target stimulus is about to appear (not helped by spatial cueing)
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ADHD
Executive Control |
Children with ADHD are not good at blocking out irrelevant stimuli (either on laboratory tasks or at home), very distractible
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ADHD
Impaired Executive Functions Nonverbal working memory |
Forgetfulness, inability to hold events in mind or remember directions, trouble planning
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ADHD
Impaired Executive Functions Self Directed Speech |
is not internalized
trouble with rule based reasoning and internal self questioning (poor at modifying behavior in response to feedback) |
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ADHD
Impaired Executive Functions Self-Regulation Problems |
Difficulty with emotion regulation, inhibiting motor and verbal responses, and maintaining motivation when gratification is delayed
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ADHD
Impaired Executive Functions Reconstitution |
difficulty with analytic thinking, problem solving, organization
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What does not cause ADHD
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Bad parenting
Dietary Factors Difficulty with processing sensory inputs (visual, auditory, tactile) |