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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nature
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the inborn, innate character of an organism
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nurture
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environmental factors that affect an organism
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nature/nurture debate
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what behaviors are we born with and what behaviors do we develop due to the environment
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genes
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short chromosome segments of DNA
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DNA
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molecule that carries genetic information
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chromosomes
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threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs
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human genome project
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study dedicated to mapping the human genome
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dominant-recessive genes principle
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dominant gene overrides the recessive and it doesn't show
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molecular genetics
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manipulation of genes using technology to determine effect
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selective breeding
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reproduction chosen by particular trait shown
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genome-wide association method
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DNA from subjects with disease and without
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behavior genetics
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degree and nature of heredity's influence on behavior
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genotype
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individual's genetic heritage, actual genetic material
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phenotype
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individual's observable traits
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genetic expression
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gene activity that affects body's cell
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neuron
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nerve cells handle information processing
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glial cells
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provide support; nutritional benefits to nervous sys.
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cell body
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contains nucleus
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dendrites
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treelike fibers, receive information send to the body
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axon
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carries info from cell body to cells
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myelin
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cell layer with fat that insulates axon
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afferent neurons
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carry info about external environment to brain, also known as sensory neurons
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efferent
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carry info out of brain to body
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neural impulse
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breif electrical impulses between neurons
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all or none principle
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reaches certain level fires down the axon
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synapse
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tiny spaces between neurons
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neurotransmitters
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chemicals that transmit across synapse
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receptor site
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chemical molecules bind and excite or inhibit
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acetylcholine
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firing of neurons, muscle action, learning, memory
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dopamine
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voluntary movement, sleep, mood, attention, learning, reward
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norepinephrine
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released from stress, excites heart muscles
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serotonin
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regulates sleep, mood, attention, learning
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endorphins
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depress nervous sys. eliminate pain
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oxytocin
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how some respond to stress, experience love
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord, 99% of nerve cells located here
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peripheral nervous system
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connects brain to spinal cord
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autonomic nervous system
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takes messages to and from body's internal organs
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somatic nervous system
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conveys info from skin to muscles to cns
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sympathetic nervous system
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arouses body to mobilize it for action
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parasympathetic nervous system
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calms the body, restores it
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pons
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involved in sleep and arousal
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cerebellum
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coordinates movement, involved in balance
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medulla
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involved in breathing and reflexes
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reticular formation
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arousal and stereotyped patterns
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amygdala
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involved in fear and discrimination of objects
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hippocampus
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involved in memory
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hypothalamus
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governs eating drinking sex emotion and stress
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thalamus
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relays info between lower and high brain centers
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cerebral cortex
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higher brain functions such as thinking, learning, consciousness
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occipital lobe
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vision
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temporal lobe
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language
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parietal lobe
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movement and sensation
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frontal
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planning, personality
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Roger Sperry
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performed "split brain" studies
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left brain functions
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logical brain, words, logic, numbers, analysis, lists, linearity, controls right side of body
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right brain functions
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creative side, rhythm, spatial awareness, color, imagination, controls left side of body
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gland
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organ that produces chemicals
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endocrine system
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glands that regulate activities of certain organs
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hormone
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chemical messengers produced by glands
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pituitary gland
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controls growth regulates other glands, also known as the master gland
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adrenal gland
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regulates mood, energy level, cope with stress, located at top of kidney, produces acetylcholine
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pancreas
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digestive and endocrine functions produces insulin
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ovaries
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female sex related gland produces estrogen
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testes
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male sex related gland produces testosterone
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hypothalamus
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connects nervous and endocrine sys. controls pituitary gland
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