Biological Bases Of Behavior Comp Prep Set

Front 1

Dualism

Back 1

Belief in the dual nature of reality. Mind and body are separate; the body is made of ordinary matter but the mind is not.

Front 2

Monism

Back 2

Belief that everything in the universe consists of matter and energy. Mind = workings of nervous system

Front 3

Consciousness

Back 3

awareness of our thoughts, perceptions, memories and feelings (physiological function)

Front 4

Blindsight

Back 4

Caused by damage to "mammalian" visual system of the brain.Ability of person who cannot see obj in blind field to accurately reach for them, while remaining unconscious of perceiving them with use of primative visual system. (Ex: Consciousness is not a property of all parts of the brain)

Front 5

Corpus Callosum

Back 5

large bundle of nerve fibers that connect corresponding parts of one side of the brain (neocortex) with the other. Largest commissure of brain.

Front 6

Split Brain Operation

Back 6

Reduces frequency of seizures

Front 7

Cerebral hemispheres

Back 7

Two symmetrical halves of the brain; constitute major part of brain. Control opposite side of body.

Front 8

unilateral neglect

Back 8

One-side neglect, caused by damage to parietal lobe (movement/location audio/visual), ignore obj to the left and left parts of obj.

Front 9

reflex

Back 9

an automatic, stereotyped movement that is produced as the direct result of a stimulus.

Front 10

Descartes

Back 10

Mechanism and model of brain, reflex and behaviors

Front 11

Johannes Muller

Back 11

Creator of, Doctrine of Specific energies

Front 12

Doctrine of Specific energies

Back 12

Conclusion that bc all nerve fibers carry the same type of message, sensory info must be specified by the particular nerve fibers that are active.

Front 13

Pierre Flourens's Experimental Ablations

Back 13

inference of brain function after removed or damaged

Front 14

Broca's Area

Back 14

A region of the brain on left side of brain if damaged disrupts person's ability to speak

Front 15

functionalism

Back 15

principle that best way to understand bio phenom. (physio/Bx) is to understand its function for organism.

Front 16

neoteny

Back 16

a slowing process of maturation, allowing more time for growth, important in growth of large brains

Front 17

sensory neurons

Back 17

neuron that detects changes in external or internal env., sending info to CNS

Front 18

motor neurons

Back 18

neuron located in CNS that controls the contraction of a muscle or secretion of a gland

Front 19

interneuron

Back 19

Btw sensory neurons and motor neurons, located entirely within the CNS

Front 20

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 20

brain and spinal cord

Front 21

Nervous System

Back 21

CNS and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front 22

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 22

nerves attached to brain and spinal cord and sensory organs

Front 23

Neuron

Back 23

nerve cell, is the info-processing and transmitting element of the NS. Forms: soma, dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons.

Front 24

Soma

Back 24

cell body of the neuron, contains nucleus. (machinery)

Front 25

Dendrite

Back 25

tree-like structure attached to soma (converse), receives info from terminal buttons and other neurons.

Front 26

synapse

Back 26

junction btw terminal button of axon and membrane of another neuron.

Front 27

axon

Back 27

long, thin, cylindrical structure that conveys info from soma to terminal button, covered by myelin sheath. (carries action potential)

Front 28

multipolar neuron

Back 28

a neuron with one axon and many attached to its soma.

Front 29

bipolar neuron

Back 29

neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma.

Front 30

unipolar neuron

Back 30

neuron with one axon attached to its soma, the axon divides, with one receiving sensory info and other sending info to the CNS.

Front 31

terminal button

Back 31

bud at end of branch of axon, forms synapse with another neuron sending info to that neuron, secrete neurotransmitters.

Front 32

neurotransmitters

Back 32

chemical released from terminal button, has exitatory and inhibitory effect on other neuron.

Front 33

membrane

Back 33

defined the boundary of the cell consisting of lipid (fatty) molescules, also constitutes many of cell organelles like Golgi apparatus.

Front 34

nucleus

Back 34

Nut of cell, structure of the central region of the cell, containing nucleolus and chromesomes.

Front 35

nucleolus

Back 35

structure in nucleus that produce ribosomes.

Front 36

ribosome

Back 36

cyotplasmic structure, of protein, that produces proteins translated from mRNA. (protein synthesis)

Front 37

chromosome

Back 37

a strand of DNA, with associated proteins, found in nucleus and carries genetic info.

Front 38

deoxyribonucleis acid (DNA)

Back 38

long, complex macromolecule consisting of two interconnected helical strands with assoc. proteins, constituting chromesomes,

Front 39

gene

Back 39

functional unit of the chromesome, directs synthesis of one or more proteins

Front 40

messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)

Back 40

macromolecule that delivers genetic info of synthesis of protein from portion of chromesome to ribosome.

Front 41

enzyme

Back 41

a molecule that controls a chemical reaction, combining two substances or breaking substance into two parts. (proteins serve as enzymes)

Front 42

cytoplasm

Back 42

viscous, semiliquid substance contain in interior of the cell. Contain specialized structures organelle "little organs"

Front 43

mitochondria

Back 43

organelle that is responsible for extracting energy from nutrients. Little bead with wrinkled shelves (cristae). provide cell with ATP

Front 44

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Back 44

special molecule of prime importance to cellular energy metabolism, its breakdown liberates energy.

Front 45

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 45

storage/channel for transporting chemicals through the cytoplasm.Lipids are produced here.

Front 46

Golgi apparatus

Back 46

special form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Complex molecules are assembled here. Wraps the products of secretory cells, called exocytosis. Produce lysosomes.

Front 47

exocytosis

Back 47

secretion of a substance by a cell through means of vesicles, process which neurotransmitters are secreted/

Front 48

lysosomes

Back 48

organelle surrounded by membrane, contains enzyme that breaks down waste products.