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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Wernicke's Aphasia
Receptive language disorder; fluent incoherent speech often mistaken for psychosis; "word soup" Receptive or sensory aphasia
Korsakoff's Syndrome
Memory disorder secondary to chronic ETOH abuse; confabulations
Broca's Aphasia
Disorder of motor production of speech (frontal lobe) "broken speech" Expressive or motor aphasia
Frontal lobes
responsible for execuitive functions - goal formulaiton, planning etc
Hippocampus
part of the limbic system, located in temporal lobe - resp for memory, esp long-term consolidation and emotion ("hippo's have long memories & big hearts")
Parietal lobes
house the somatosensory cortex
Hypothalamus
regulates many of the body's basic life functions:hunger, thurst, circadian rhythms, general arousal
postconcussion syndrome
fatigue, sleep problems, headache, dizziness
Split brain patients
two hemispheres operate independently. Info taken in by left side is processed by the right & vice versa
Medulla
Part of the brainstem; controls most basic functions of repiration, etc.
Brain scans of pts with Schizophrenia
scans show enlarged lateral and thrid ventricles
Sympathetic Nervous System
Part of Auto Nerv Sys responsible for arousing the body in a stress reaction -"fight or flight"
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Part of Auto Nerv Sys - calms body down - "energy conserving"
Primary neurotransmitters implicated in Depression
Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Catecholamine Hypothesis of Depression
Norephinephrine(primarily) and Dopamine TOO low. "Cats go with Not Dogs"
Parkinson's Disease
movement disorder: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowed movement) shuffling gait; depression common
Parietal Lobe
home of somatosensory cortex - light touch, pain, temp, proprioception (ability to locate body's parts)
Frontal Lobes
associated with higher mental functioning - personality, abstract thinking, judgement
Temporal Lobes
auditory cortex, hippocampus (memory) & limbic structures that reg sex, aggressive and emotional behavior
Occipital Lobes
house primary visual cortex
Anticholingeric SE's
SSRI's do not cause these symp such as dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, decreased memory -- but Tricyclics do
Cross tolerance to ETOH
chemically similar substances: sedatives, hypnotics & anxiolytics, ie valium
Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism
mimics Parkinson's because antipsychotic meds lower dopamine; while improving psychotic symp, causes movement disorder
Left hemisphere
LANGUAGE; rational, analytical, logical & abstract
Right hemisphere
perceptual, artistic, musical EMOTION
Corpus Callosum
bridge between two cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus
Major sensory relay center
Hypothalamus
Major function of homeostasis. Five "f's" fever, feeding, fornicating, fighting
Kluver-Bucy Syndrom
removal of amygdala results in placidity, apathy, hyperphagia, hypersexuality & agnosias
Reticular Activating Sys (RAS)
Filter for incoming sensory information
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine (Ach), Catecholamines (dopamine & norepinephrine), Serotonin, Amino Acids (ie GABA)
Dopamine Hyp of SZ
Schizophrenia is caused by EXCESS Dopamine
Hyperthyrodism
too much thyroxin; Graves disease, agitated depression, impaired memory
Hypothyroidism
undersecretion of thyroxin; sluggishness, fatigue, impaired memory
Aphasia
language disorder: damage to left hemisphere ("phrase" - makes speech)
Apraxia
inability to carry out motor mvements; due to left brain lesion (swing the "ax")
Agraphia
impairment in ability to write; left hemisphere damage ("graph" - write)
Alexia
inability to read; stroke to left hemisphere; ("lexicon" - book)
Somatic Nervous System
voluntary movements
Autonomic Nervous System
involuntary, ie heart rate
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognizea familiar face ("knows not faces")
Anosagnosia
lack of awareness of a disability ("knows not disability")
Dementia
Memory + one of four: aphasia(language), apraxia (motor) agnosia object recognition) or execuitive functioning; = in men and women
"all or none principle"
regarding neuronal firing: if sufficiently stimulated all will fire, if not none
Agnosia
disturbance in object recognition
Alzheimer's
Progressive, 1/2 all cases of dementia: 3 phases, early, middle, late. Early onset before 65. Cortical dementia. 1st deg relatives 6X greater risk; decrease in ACh
Vascular dementia
small CVA's; onset abrupt, "step-wise" course; 2X more common in males. 1/2 die within 2-3 yrs of dx.
Parkinson's
movement disorder; 30-50% have dementia; decrease in dopamine; depression 50-90%, use of antidepressants
AIDS dementia
affects 10-15%; symp: cog, motor, & behavioral
Pseudodementia
cognitive impairment due to depression, but mimics dementia
Delirium
acute confudional state - fluctuating course; chnages in cognition, perceptual disturbance
Amnestic disorders
disturbance in memory only; most common causes head trauma & ETOH