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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Wernicke's Aphasia
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Receptive language disorder; fluent incoherent speech often mistaken for psychosis; "word soup" Receptive or sensory aphasia
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Korsakoff's Syndrome
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Memory disorder secondary to chronic ETOH abuse; confabulations
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Broca's Aphasia
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Disorder of motor production of speech (frontal lobe) "broken speech" Expressive or motor aphasia
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Frontal lobes
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responsible for execuitive functions - goal formulaiton, planning etc
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Hippocampus
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part of the limbic system, located in temporal lobe - resp for memory, esp long-term consolidation and emotion ("hippo's have long memories & big hearts")
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Parietal lobes
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house the somatosensory cortex
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Hypothalamus
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regulates many of the body's basic life functions:hunger, thurst, circadian rhythms, general arousal
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postconcussion syndrome
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fatigue, sleep problems, headache, dizziness
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Split brain patients
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two hemispheres operate independently. Info taken in by left side is processed by the right & vice versa
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Medulla
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Part of the brainstem; controls most basic functions of repiration, etc.
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Brain scans of pts with Schizophrenia
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scans show enlarged lateral and thrid ventricles
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Part of Auto Nerv Sys responsible for arousing the body in a stress reaction -"fight or flight"
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Part of Auto Nerv Sys - calms body down - "energy conserving"
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Primary neurotransmitters implicated in Depression
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Norepinephrine and Serotonin
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Catecholamine Hypothesis of Depression
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Norephinephrine(primarily) and Dopamine TOO low. "Cats go with Not Dogs"
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Parkinson's Disease
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movement disorder: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowed movement) shuffling gait; depression common
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Parietal Lobe
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home of somatosensory cortex - light touch, pain, temp, proprioception (ability to locate body's parts)
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Frontal Lobes
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associated with higher mental functioning - personality, abstract thinking, judgement
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Temporal Lobes
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auditory cortex, hippocampus (memory) & limbic structures that reg sex, aggressive and emotional behavior
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Occipital Lobes
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house primary visual cortex
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Anticholingeric SE's
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SSRI's do not cause these symp such as dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, decreased memory -- but Tricyclics do
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Cross tolerance to ETOH
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chemically similar substances: sedatives, hypnotics & anxiolytics, ie valium
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Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism
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mimics Parkinson's because antipsychotic meds lower dopamine; while improving psychotic symp, causes movement disorder
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Left hemisphere
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LANGUAGE; rational, analytical, logical & abstract
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Right hemisphere
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perceptual, artistic, musical EMOTION
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Corpus Callosum
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bridge between two cerebral hemispheres
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Thalamus
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Major sensory relay center
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Hypothalamus
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Major function of homeostasis. Five "f's" fever, feeding, fornicating, fighting
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Kluver-Bucy Syndrom
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removal of amygdala results in placidity, apathy, hyperphagia, hypersexuality & agnosias
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Reticular Activating Sys (RAS)
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Filter for incoming sensory information
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Neurotransmitters
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Acetylcholine (Ach), Catecholamines (dopamine & norepinephrine), Serotonin, Amino Acids (ie GABA)
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Dopamine Hyp of SZ
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Schizophrenia is caused by EXCESS Dopamine
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Hyperthyrodism
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too much thyroxin; Graves disease, agitated depression, impaired memory
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Hypothyroidism
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undersecretion of thyroxin; sluggishness, fatigue, impaired memory
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Aphasia
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language disorder: damage to left hemisphere ("phrase" - makes speech)
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Apraxia
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inability to carry out motor mvements; due to left brain lesion (swing the "ax")
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Agraphia
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impairment in ability to write; left hemisphere damage ("graph" - write)
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Alexia
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inability to read; stroke to left hemisphere; ("lexicon" - book)
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Somatic Nervous System
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voluntary movements
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Autonomic Nervous System
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involuntary, ie heart rate
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Prosopagnosia
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inability to recognizea familiar face ("knows not faces")
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Anosagnosia
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lack of awareness of a disability ("knows not disability")
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Dementia
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Memory + one of four: aphasia(language), apraxia (motor) agnosia object recognition) or execuitive functioning; = in men and women
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"all or none principle"
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regarding neuronal firing: if sufficiently stimulated all will fire, if not none
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Agnosia
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disturbance in object recognition
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Alzheimer's
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Progressive, 1/2 all cases of dementia: 3 phases, early, middle, late. Early onset before 65. Cortical dementia. 1st deg relatives 6X greater risk; decrease in ACh
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Vascular dementia
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small CVA's; onset abrupt, "step-wise" course; 2X more common in males. 1/2 die within 2-3 yrs of dx.
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Parkinson's
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movement disorder; 30-50% have dementia; decrease in dopamine; depression 50-90%, use of antidepressants
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AIDS dementia
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affects 10-15%; symp: cog, motor, & behavioral
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Pseudodementia
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cognitive impairment due to depression, but mimics dementia
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Delirium
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acute confudional state - fluctuating course; chnages in cognition, perceptual disturbance
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Amnestic disorders
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disturbance in memory only; most common causes head trauma & ETOH
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