Biological Bases Of Behavior

Front 1

Central Nervous

Back 1

Consists of Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous

Back 2

Lies outside the midline portion of your nervous system, carrying sensory info to and motor info away from the central nervous via spinal/cranial nerves

Front 3

Somatic Nervous

Back 3

Has motor neurons that stimulate skeletal (voluntary) muscle

Front 4

Autonomic Nervous

Back 4

Has motor neutrons that stimulate smooth (involuntary) and heart muscle

Front 5

Sympathetic Nervous

Back 5

Stimulation results in responses that help your body deal with stressful events Ex. Dilation of pupils/increased heart rate

Front 6

Parasympathetic Nervous

Back 6

Stimulation calms your body after sympathetic stimulation. Ex. Restores digestive processes, returning pupils to normal

Front 7

Spinal Cord

Back 7

Protected by meninges and spinal column.Starts at base of the back up to base of skull, where it joins the brain; Made up of interneurons and glial cells, bathed in cerebrospinal fluid excreted by glial cells

Front 8

Brain

Back 8

Covered by meninges and protected by the skull.

Front 9

Reptilian brain

Back 9

Medulla, pons, cerebellum; Maintains homeostasis and instinctive behaviors

Front 10

Old mammalian brain

Back 10

Septum, hippocampus, amygdale, cingulated cortex, hypothalamus, thalmus; Controls emotional behavior, important to memory and vision.

Front 11

New mammalian brain (Neocortex)

Back 11

Cerebral Cortex (80%) of brain; Associated with judgement

Front 12

Medulla Oblongata

Back 12

Where most fibers cross; Results in contralateral control, regulates heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing rate, etc

Front 13

Pons

Back 13

Includes portion of reticular activating system, critical for arousal, Bridge between hemispheres

Front 14

Cerebellum

Back 14

Coordinates motor function integrating motion and positional info from the inner ear and muscles

Front 15

Thalamus

Back 15

Relay “station” for sensory pathways carrying vision, auditory, taste, somatosensory info

Front 16

Hypothalamus

Back 16

Controls autonomic functions such as body temperature/heart rate, Sets emotions and feelings, Helps biological rhythms

Front 17

Amygdala

Back 17

Influences aggression/fear, important in formation of sensory memory

Front 18

Hippocampus

Back 18

Enables formation of long term memory

Front 19

Cerebral Cortex

Back 19

Receives and processes sensory info and directs movement; Center for higher processes (planning judging, thinking)

Front 20

Occipital Lobes

Back 20

Info from visual field in processed in opposite sides

Front 21

Parietal Lobes

Back 21

Somatosensory cortex (for touch sensations), contralateral representation of all body parts

Front 22

Frontal Lobes

Back 22

Initiates movements and integrates activities of skeletal muscles (contralateral)Broca’s Area in left side controls speech

Front 23

Temporal Lobes

Back 23

Center for hearing, used for understanding music/tonality, smell is processedWernicke’s Area in left understand language and making meaningful sentences

Front 24

Plasticity

Back 24

If one region of the brain is damaged, it can reorganize to take of its function

Front 25

Glial Cells

Back 25

Guide growth of developing neutrons, helps provide nutrition and gets rid of wastes of neurons, provides insulating sheath around neurons

Front 26

Neuron

Back 26

Receive info, process info, and transit it to the rest of the body

Front 27

Cell Body

Back 27

Directs synthesis of such substances as neurotransmitters.

Front 28

Dendrites

Back 28

Capable of receiving info

Front 29

Axon

Back 29

Emerges from dendrite, which branches are called terminal buttons, and is covered by an insulating myelin sheath

Front 30

Neurotransmitters

Back 30

Chemicals stored in the structure of the terminal buttons called synaptic vesicles