Biological Bases -Exam 1

Front 1

Neuron or nerve cell

Back 1

The basic unit of the nervous system is composed of a cell body, receptive extensions, (dendrites), and a transmitting extension (axon).

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Glial cells

Back 2

Also known as glial or neuroglia they are non-neuronal brain cells that provide structural, nutritional, and other types of support to the brain.

Front 3

Synapse

Back 3

The tiny gap between neurons where information is passed from one to the other.

Front 4

Mitochondrion

Back 4

A cellular organelle that provides metabolic energy for the cells processes.

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Mitochondrion

Back 5

A cellular organelle that provides metabolic energy for the cells processes.

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Cell nucleus

Back 6

The spherical central structure of the cell that contains the chromosomes.

Front 7

Ribosomes

Back 7

Structures in the cell body were genetic information is translated to produce proteins.

Front 8

Four functional zones of the neuron.

Back 8

Input zone, integration zone, conduction zone, and output zone.

Front 9

Neuron doctrine

Back 9

The hypothesis that the brain is composed of separate cells that are distinct structurally, metabolically, and functionally and that information is transmitted from cell to cell across tiny gaps.

Front 10

Dendrite

Back 10

The dendrite serves as an input zone. It is one of the extensions of the cell body that are the receptive surfaces of the neuron.

Front 11

Inputs zone

Back 11

The part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons or from specialized sensory structures. It usually corresponds to the cells dendrites.

Front 12

Cell body or soma.

Back 12

The region of a neuron that is defined by the presence of the cell nucleus.

Front 13

Integration zone

Back 13

The part of the neuron that initiates nerve electrical activity. It usually corresponds to the neurons axon hillock

Front 14

Integration zone

Back 14

The part of the neuron that initiates nerve electrical activity. It usually corresponds to the neurons axon hillock

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Axon

Back 15

A single extension from the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons

Front 16

Integration zone

Back 16

The part of the neuron that initiates nerve electrical activity. It usually corresponds to the neurons axon hillock

Front 17

Axon

Back 17

A single extension from the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons

Front 18

Conduction zone

Back 18

The part of the neuron over which the nerves electrical signal maybe actively propagated. It usually correspond to the cell axon

Front 19

Integration zone

Back 19

The part of the neuron that initiates nerve electrical activity. It usually corresponds to the neurons axon hillock

Front 20

Axon

Back 20

A single extension from the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons

Front 21

Conduction zone

Back 21

The part of the neuron over which the nerves electrical signal maybe actively propagated. It usually correspond to the cell axon

Front 22

Axon terminal

Back 22

Also known as synaptic button. They are the end of an axon or Axon collateral, which forms the synapse on a neuron or other target cell

Front 23

Integration zone

Back 23

The part of the neuron that initiates nerve electrical activity. It usually corresponds to the neurons axon hillock

Front 24

Axon

Back 24

A single extension from the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons

Front 25

Conduction zone

Back 25

The part of the neuron over which the nerves electrical signal maybe actively propagated. It usually correspond to the cell axon

Front 26

Axon terminal

Back 26

Also known as synaptic button. They are the end of an axon or Axon collateral, which forms the synapse on a neuron or other target cell

Front 27

Output zone

Back 27

The part of a neuron usually corresponding to the axon terminal at which the salve sends information to another cell

Front 28

Visualizing structures in the brain

Back 28

Golgi stain, nissl stain, in situ hybridization

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Golgi stain

Back 29

Fills the whole cell, including details such as the dendritic spines

Front 30

Visualizing structures in the brain

Back 30

Golgi stain, nissl stain, in situ hybridization

Front 31

Golgi stain

Back 31

Fills the whole cell, including details such as the dendritic spines

Front 32

Nissl stains

Back 32

Outlines all cell bodies because the dyes are attracted to RNA distributed within the cell

Front 33

Visualizing structures in the brain

Back 33

Golgi stain, nissl stain, in situ hybridization

Front 34

Golgi stain

Back 34

Fills the whole cell, including details such as the dendritic spines

Front 35

Nissl stains

Back 35

Outlines all cell bodies because the dyes are attracted to RNA distributed within the cell

Front 36

Autoradiography

Back 36

Cells are manipulated into taking photos of themselves

Front 37

Visualizing structures in the brain

Back 37

Golgi stain, nissl stain, in situ hybridization

Front 38

Golgi stain

Back 38

Fills the whole cell, including details such as the dendritic spines

Front 39

Nissl stains

Back 39

Outlines all cell bodies because the dyes are attracted to RNA distributed within the cell

Front 40

Autoradiography

Back 40

Cells are manipulated into taking photos of themselves

Front 41

Immunocytochemistry

Back 41

Brain slices are exposed to anti-bodies that are selected for a particular cellular protein of interest

Front 42

Visualizing structures in the brain

Back 42

Golgi stain, nissl stain, in situ hybridization

Front 43

Golgi stain

Back 43

Fills the whole cell, including details such as the dendritic spines

Front 44

Nissl stains

Back 44

Outlines all cell bodies because the dyes are attracted to RNA distributed within the cell

Front 45

Autoradiography

Back 45

Cells are manipulated into taking photos of themselves

Front 46

Immunocytochemistry

Back 46

Brain slices are exposed to anti-bodies that are selected for a particular cellular protein of interest

Front 47

In situ hybridization

Back 47

Using radioactively labeled lengths on nucleate acid, it identifies neurons in which a gene of interest has been turned on immediate early genes

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Immediate early genes

Back 48

By using immunocytochemistry to label the IEG product, researchers can identify brain regions that were active during particular behavior