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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deme
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a local interbreeding population that is defined in terms of its genetic composition (i.e. allele frequency)
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subspecies
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a group of local population that share part of the geographic range of a species, and can be differentiated from other subspecies based on one or more phenotypic traits
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race
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in biological taxonomy, same thing as a subspecies; when applied to humans sometimes incorporates both cultural and biological factors
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polytypic species
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species that consist of a number of separate breeding population, each varying in some genetic form.
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racism
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a prejudicial belief that member of one ethnic group are superior in some way to those of another
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anthropometry
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the measurement of different aspects of the body such as stature and skin color
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ethnic group
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a human group defined in terms of sociological, cultural and linguistic traits
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population genetics
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the study of genetic variation within and between groups of organisms
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microevolution
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the study of evolutionary phenomena hat occurs within a species
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polymorphic
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two or more distinct phenotypes (at the genetic or anatomical levels) that exist with in a population
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cline
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the distribution of an allele or phenotypic trait across geographical space
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maternal-fetus incompatibilty
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occurs when the mother produces antibodies against an antigen (i.e. a red blood cell surface protein) expresses in the fetus that she does not possess.
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rhesus system
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blood type system that can cause hemolytic anemia of the newborn through maternal-fetal incompatibility if the rh-negative and the child of rh-positive
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Human leukocyte antigen (hla) system
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class of blood group markers formed by proteins expresses on the surface of white blood cells (leukocytes)
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haplotypes
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combinations of alleles (or at the sequence level, mutations) that are found together in an individual
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phylogeny
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an evolutionary tree indicating relatedness and divergence of taxonomic groups
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lactose intolerant
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the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk; most adult mammals(including humans) are lactose intolerant as adults
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balanced polymorphism
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a stable polymorphism in a population in that natural selection prevents any of the alternative phenotypes (or underlying alleles) form becoming fixed or being lost
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heterozygous advantage
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with reference to a particular genetic system, the situation in which a heterozygotes have advantage over homozygotes (i.e sickle cell disease); a mechanism for maintaining a balanced polymorphism
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adaptabilty
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the ability of an individual organism to make positive anatomical or physiological changes after short or long term exposure to stressful environmental conditions
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acclimatization
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short-term changes in physiology that occurs in an organism in response to changes in environmental conditions
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bergmann's rule
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stipulates that body size is larger in colder climates to conserve body temperature
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allen's rule
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stipulates that in warmer climates, the limbs of the body are longer relative to body size to dissipate body heat
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