Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
transformation
|
kill the pathogenic bacteria with heat and then mix the cell remains with lving bacteria of the nanpathogenic strain, some of the lving cells become pathogenic.
|
|
|
bacteriophages/phages
|
bacteria-eaters, viruses that infect bacteria.
|
|
|
DNA Polymerases
|
Elongation of new DNA at a replication fork is catalyzed by enzymes.
|
|
|
mismatch repair
|
cells use special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
|
|
|
nucleotide excision repair
|
the enzymes involved in filling the gap are a DNA plymerase and ligase. DAN repair of this type is called nucleotide excision repair.
|
|
|
transcription
|
the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA.
|
|
|
translation
|
the actual synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA. the cell must translate the base sequence of an mRNA molecule into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
|
|
|
mRNA
|
protein-coding genes, it carries a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell.
|
|
|
template strand
|
during transcription, the gene determineds the sequence of bases along the length of an mRNA molecule. for each gene, only one of the two DNA strands is transcribed.
|
|
|
the triplet code
|
for each gene, one DNA strand functions as a template for transcription. the base-pairing rules for DNA synthesis also guide transcription, but U takes the place of T in RNA. during the transcription, the mRNA is read as a sequence of base triplets, called codons. each codon specifies an amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain. the mRNA is read in the 5'-> 3' direction.
|
|
|
transcription-initiation
|
after RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, the DNA strands unwind, and the polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.
|
|
|
transcription-Elongation
|
the polymerase moves downstream, unwinding the DNA and elongating the RNA transcript 5'->3'. in the wake of transcription, the DNA strands reform a double helix.
|
|
|
transcription-termination
|
eventually, the RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches from the DNA.
|
|
|
replication fork
|
a replication fork is a Y-shaped region where the new strands of DNS are elongating.
|
|
|
DNA polymerases
|
elongation of new DNA at a replication fork is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA polymerases.
|
|
|
Helicase
|
unwinds parental double helix at replication forks
|
|
|
single-strand binding protein
|
binds to and stablizes single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template
|
|
|
topoisomerase
|
corrects 'overwinding' ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoning DNA strands.
|
