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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define energy and describe its forms.
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-capacity to do work or to make phase changes in matter
-heat -chemical (electrons) -electrical (charged particles) -motion energy (kinetic/potential) -light |
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What are the laws of thermodynamics?
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1) energy can be converted to one form or another but cannot be created or destroyed.
2) in every energy transfer, some energy is lost as heat and can no longer do work. |
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Define metabolism.
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-sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
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Name the 3 components of an enzyme reaction.
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-substrate
-reactants -products |
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Describe 2 types of molecules that aid the activation of enzymes.
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-cofactors: activates enzyme by changing the active site or chemically
-coenzyme: organic cofactors |
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Describe an enzyme.
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-enzymes are proteins, large, and 3 dimensional acting as catalysts, speeding up reactions without adding energy or being used up
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What process describes the activation of an inactive protein to become an enzyme when portions of that protein molecule are chopped off?
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-proteolytic activation
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Describe 2 types of enzyme inhibitors.
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-competitive inhibitors: competes with substrate for active site
-noncompetitive inhibitor: attaches to enzyme changing the active site |
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What is allosteric regulation?
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-process that regulates enzyme activity by the use of allosteric activators and inhibitors
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Describe 3 factors that affect enzyme reaction time.
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-heat: very cold temperatures slows down reaction and high heat can denature enzyme causing reaction to slow
-high pH (OH) and low pH (H) causes denature and slows reaction -as enzyme concentration goes up, rate of reaction goes up |
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Define homeostasis.
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Maintenance of internal conditions of body despite external conditions.
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What is a "set point"?
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-the ideal body conditions ie body temperature 37degrees Celcius
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Define negative feedback.
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-body's attempt to get back to the set point
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Define positive feedback.
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-the continuing deviation from the set point
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Describe the components of the plamsa membrane.
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-phospholipid bilayer: self assembling
-protein: active transport, receptors, structure -carbohydrates: only on outside for identification |
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Name the functions of the plamsa
membrane. |
-separates inside from outside
-controls what goes in and out -communicates with surroundings -provides cytoskeleton attachments |
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Describe the 2 types body fluids.
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-intracellular fluid: any fluid inside a cell
-extracellular fluid: plamsa or interstitial fluid |
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What is the name for random molecular motion? What is its significance?
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-Brownian motion
-the driving force of diffuision |
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Describe the factors (5) that affect the rate of diffusion.
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-temp increases rate diff increase
-size of diffusion particle increase rate of diffusion decreases -solubility in plasma membrane increase rate of diff increase -exposed surface area increase rate of diff increase -thickness of plamsa membrane increase rate of diff decreases |
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Define lysed.
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-rupture, burst of a cell
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Define crenation.
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-shrinking, shriveling of cell
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Define mediate transport. Describe the types (2).
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-use of a transport protein
-passive: diffusion -active AKA facilitated diffusion: requires energy to transport through a channel protein or carrier protein |
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According to the direction and number moving particles, what are the types of transport proteins?
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-uniport carriers: 1 particle
-symport carrier: 2 or more kinds of particles moving in same direction -antiport carrier: 2 or more kinds of particles moving in opposite directions |
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Define active transport.
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-movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration (requires energy) ie Na - K - ATPase
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