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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of CT?
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1. Protection
2. Support 3. Bind together other tissues of the body 4. Body tissue repair (scar tissue) |
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What are the characteristics of CT?
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1. Vascularity
2. Composed of many types of cells 3. matrix |
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What is the matrix?
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Primary distinguishing factor of CT
Produced by the cells and extruded Responsible for strength associated with CT |
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What are the component of the matrix?
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1. ground substance
2. fibers |
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What is ground substance composed of?
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interstitial fluids
cell adhesion proteins proteoglycans |
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What is the function of ground substance?
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Functions as a medium, through which nutrients and other dissolved substances can diffuse between blood capillaries and the cells
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What is lacunae and where is it found?
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Cavities within a firm matrix that house the CT cells
found in ground substance |
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What is the function of matrix fibers?
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Provide support
hinder diffusion somewhat make ground state pliable |
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What are the 3 types of matrix fibers?
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collagen fibers
elastic fibers reticular fibers |
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What are the types of cells found within the matrix?
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fibroblasts
mast cells macrophages adipocytes |
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What is the role of fibroblasts?
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makes fibers found within matrix
can make ground substance |
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What is the role of macrophages?
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found everywhere
modified white blood cell phagocytize foreign material |
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What is the role of adipocytes?
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fat cells
fat provides a reserve food fuel found in adipose tissue |
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What are the subtypes of CT?
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loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular)
dense regular CT dense irregular CT cartilage blood bone |
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What is connective tissue derived from?
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Embryonic mesenchyme
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What is areolar CT?
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gel-like matrix, loose arrangement of fibers with all 3 types of cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells)
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What is the function of areolar CT?
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support (packaging tissue)
inflammation |
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Where is areolar CT found?
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Around organs and blood vessels, widely distributed under epithelia
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What is adipose CT?
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sparse matrix, presence of adipocytes in loose CT
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What is the function of adipose CT?
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insulation
support protection nutrient storage |
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Where is adipose CT found?
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around kidneys, eyes, breasts, hypodermis of skin
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What is reticular tissue?
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Network of reticular fibers, many WBC's and mast cells, loose ground substance in loose CT
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What is the function of reticular tissue?
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Support
protection houses immune cells and blood |
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Where is reticular tissue located?
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lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
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What is dense regular CT?
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Parallel arrangement of collagen fibers, pale staining fibers, dark staining nuclei of fibroblasts may be present
A subtype of CT |
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What is the function of dense regular CT?
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attach bones to muscles, muscles to muscles, bones to bones, withstand undirectional stress
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What is the location of dense regular CT?
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tendons, ligaments, fasciae, aponeuroses
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What is dense irregular CT?
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irregularly arranged collagen fibers, presence of dark staining fibroblasts
a subtype of CT |
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What is the function of dense irregular CT?
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Withstands multidirectional stress
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What is the location of dense irregular CT?
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fibrous organ capsules and joints, dermis of skin
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What is hyaline cartilage?
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Chondrocytes in lacunae, collagen fibers make a tight-fitting network
a subtype of CT |
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What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
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Cushion and support, resists compressive stress
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What is the location of hyaline cartilage?
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Embryonic skeleton, epiphyses of long bones, costal cartilage of rib cage, nose larynx
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What is elastic cartilage?
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Chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by elastic fibers
a subtype of CT |
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What is the function of elastic cartilage?
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Support and flexibility
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What is the location of elastic carilage?
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outer ear, epiglottis
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What is fibrocartilage?
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Thick collagen fibers, parallel rows of chondrocytes in lacunae
a sub type of CT |
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What is the function of fibrocartilage?
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shock absorber, support
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What is the location of fibrocartilage?
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pubic symphysis, knee menisci, intervertebral discs
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What is osseous tissue?
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Bone, hard calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers, osteons with concentric rings
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What is the function of osseous tissue?
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body support, protection of internal organs, calcium storage, hematopoiesis
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What is the location of osseous tiessue?
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bones
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What is blood?
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many RBC, some WBCs, platelets, plasma membrane
a subtype of CT |
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what is the function of blood?
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transport of nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones, enzymes through body
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What is the location of blood?
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Contained within blood cells
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What is the function of the skin?
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Protection, thermoregulation, excretion, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, blood reservoir
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What are the layers of the skin?
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epidermis
dermis hypodermis |
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What is the epidermis?
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keratinized stratifed squamous epithelium
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What is the dermis?
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dense irregular Ct basement membrane
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What is the hypodermis?
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mostly adipose tissue
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Which layer discussed is not a true layer of the skin?
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hypodermis
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What cell types are present in the epidermis?
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keratinocytes
melanocytes dendritic cells merkel cells |
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What is the role of keratinocyte cells?
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produce keratin, connected together by desmosomes
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What is the role of melanocytes?
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Produce melanin
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what is the role of dendritic cells?
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important immunity cells, a highly diverse antigen presenting cell
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What is the role of merkel cells?
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touch receptors
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What are the 5 layers of epidermis
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stratum basale
stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum |
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What are the layers of the dermis?
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reticular layer
papillary layer |
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What are Meissner corpuscles?
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touch receptors in the papillary layer
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What are pacinian corpuscles?
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Pressure receptors in reticular layer
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Where do fingerprints come from?
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dermal papillae
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What is the dermal papillae?
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Uneven finger-like projections in the papillary layer
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What are the 2 types of cutaneous glands?
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sebaceous glands
sweat glands |
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What are sebaceous glands found?
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found all over skin except on palms and hands and produces sebum: oily substance
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What are sweat glands?
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exocrine glands that are widely distributed through the openings called pores
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What do sebaceous glands produce?
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sebum: oily substance that acts as a natural skin cream
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what are the 2 types of sweat glands?
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eccrine glands
apocrine glands |
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What are eccrine glands?
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widely distributed and open to the surface through pores, produce a clear perspiration of water, salts, and urea,
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What are apocrine glands?
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axillary and genital region, secrete a milky protein and substance that empties into the hair follicle
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Which sweat gland empties into the hair follicle?
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apocrine
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Which sweat gland opens to the surface?
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eccrine
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What are the arrector pili muscles?
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smooth muscle that connects each follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis
contraction of these muscles pulls the hairs upright creating goose bumps |
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What is a decubitus ulcer?
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The pressure exerted by bone prominences can restrict blood supply and unaddressed, TISSUE NECROSIS will occur
bedridden patients and the elderly are extremely susceptible |
