Biol 225 Lab Week 2

Front 1

Name the levels of organization

Back 1

Atom--> molecule--> organelle--> cell-->tissue--> organ--> organ system--> organism

Front 2

What is histology

Back 2

The study of tissues, and thus complements the study of gross anatomy and provides structural basis for physiology

Front 3

What are the 5 characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Back 3

1. Cellularity and specialized contacts
2. polarity
3. supported by connective tissue
4. Avascularity
5. Regeneration

Front 4

How is epithelial tissue classified?

Back 4

By the number of layers and cell shape

Front 5

1 Layer Epithelial Tissue is called?

Back 5

Simple Epithelial Tissue

Front 6

1+ Layer Epithelial Tissue is called?

Back 6

Stratified Epithelial Tissue

Front 7

The APPEARANCE of more than 1 layer epithelial tissue is called?

Back 7

pseudostratified epithelial tissue

Front 8

Flat, irregular epithelial cells are called?

Back 8

squamous

Front 9

Square epithelial cells are called?

Back 9

Cubodial

Front 10

Tall epithelial cells are called?

Back 10

Columnar

Front 11

Describe Exocrine glands

Back 11

Secrete to the surface. This means they have ducts. They also pinch off from the original layer of epithelial cells in deep tissue

Front 12

Describe endocrine glands.

Back 12

Secrete to the blood and lymphatic system. They are also ductless. They never pinch off from the original layer of deep epithelial tissue

Front 13

Describe the appearance of simple squamous epithelium.

Back 13

Single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped nuclei

Front 14

Describe the function of simple squamous epithelium.

Back 14

Allows for passage of materials by diffusion and filtration; secretes lubricating substances.

Front 15

Describe where simple squamous epithelium is found in the body.

Back 15

Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity

Front 16

Describe the appearance of simple cubodial epithelium.

Back 16

Single layer of cube-like cells

Front 17

Describe the function of simple cubodial epithelium.

Back 17

Functions in secretion and absorption.

Front 18

Describe where simple cubodial epithelium is found in the body.

Back 18

Kidney tubules, ducts and secretary portions of small glands, ovarian surface

Front 19

Describe the appearance of simple columnar epithelium.

Back 19

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells are ciliated, some cells contain glands.

Front 20

Describe the function of simple columnar epithelium.

Back 20

Absorption, secretion of mucus and enzymes.

Front 21

Describe where simple columnar epithelium is found in the body.

Back 21

Nonciliated lines most of digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of glands, ciliated lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

Front 22

Describe the appearance of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Back 22

Single layer of cells of differing heights, creating appearance of multiple layers. may contain goblet cells and bear cilia.

Front 23

Describe the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Back 23

Secretion of mucus and propulsion of mucus by cilia.

Front 24

Describe where pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found in the body.

Back 24

Nonciliated type in male sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated lines the trachea and most of respiratory tract.

Front 25

Describe the appearance of stratified squamous epithelium.

Back 25

Thick membrane composed of several cell layers. Basal cells are cubodial or columnar and are metabolically active. Surface cells are flattened and dead (if keratinized). Basal cells are mitotically active.

Front 26

Describe the function of stratified squamous epithelium.

Back 26

Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion.

Front 27

Describe where stratified squamous epithelium is found in the body.

Back 27

Nonkeratinized types form lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina. Keratinized form is epidermis.

Front 28

Describe the appearance of stratified cubodial epithelium.

Back 28

Usually 2 layers of cubodial cells

Front 29

Describe the function of cubodial epithelium.

Back 29

Protection

Front 30

Describe where stratified cuboidal epithelium is found in the body.

Back 30

Located in large ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands

Front 31

Describe the appearance of stratified columnar epithelium.

Back 31

Several cell layers. Basal cells are usually cuboidal, superficial cells are columnar

Front 32

Describe the function of stratified columnar epithelium.

Back 32

Protection and secretion

Front 33

Describe where in the body stratified columnar epithelium is found in the body.

Back 33

Rare in body. Small amounts are found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands.

Front 34

Describe the appearance of transitional epithelium.

Back 34

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal. Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar, surface cells are dome-like or squamous-like, depending on the degree of stretch

Front 35

Describe the function of transitional epithelium.

Back 35

Stretch and permit distention of urinary organ by contained urine.

Front 36

Describe where in the body transitional epithelium is found.

Back 36

Lines uterus, bladder, and part of urethra.

Front 37

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Back 37

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

Front 38

Intercalated discs are unique to which muscle tissue?

Back 38

cardiac

Front 39

___________ muscle tissue has striations and intercalated discs.

Back 39

cardiac muscle

Front 40

____________ muscle tissue has strations

Back 40

skeletal muscle

Front 41

_____________ muscle has NO striations.

Back 41

smooth/visceral muscle

Front 42

Describe the appearance of skeletal muscles.

Back 42

Long, cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations.

Front 43

Describe the function of skeletal muscle.

Back 43

Voluntary movement, locomotion, manipulation of environment, facial expressions.

Front 44

Where is skeletal muscle found?

Back 44

skeletal muscles attached to bone or occasionally skin.

Front 45

Describe the appearance of cardiac muscle.

Back 45

Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs)

Front 46

Describe the function of cardiac muscle

Back 46

as it contracts, it propels blood into circulation

Front 47

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Back 47

located in the walls of the heart.

Front 48

Describe the appearance of smooth/visceral muscle.

Back 48

Spindle shaped cells with central nuclei, no striations, cells form sheets.

Front 49

Describe the function of smooth/visceral muscle.

Back 49

Propel substances along internal passageways, involuntary control

Front 50

Where is smooth/visceral muscle found?

Back 50

walls of hollow organs.

Front 51

What is nervous tissue composed of?

Back 51

1. neuroglia (glial)
2. Neurons

Front 52

What are neuroglia (glial)?

Back 52

Supporting cells to protect, support, and insulate more delicate cells-neurons.

Front 53

What are neurons?

Back 53

Specialized cells that receive impulses and conduct waves of excitation.

Front 54

Name the parts of the nerve cell.

Back 54

1. dendrites
2. cell body
3. axon
4. myelin sheath
5. synaptic terminal

Front 55

What are dendrites?

Back 55

Receive information and transmit it toward the cell body.

Front 56

Describe the cell body.

Back 56

controls metabolic activity of neuron.

Front 57

Describe the axon of a neuron.

Back 57

long process that transmits information away from cell body

Front 58

Describe the myelin sheath of a neuron.

Back 58

Allows for faster movement of signal

Front 59

Describe the synaptic terminal of a neuron.

Back 59

Release neurotransmitters to receptor cell.

Front 60

Describe the appearance of nervous tissue.

Back 60

branching cells that have long processes and a cell body.

Front 61

Describe the function nervous tissue.

Back 61

Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effector organs.

Front 62

Where is nervous tissue located?

Back 62

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.