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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are characteristics of protozoa?
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unicellular eukaryotes, no cell wall, most are chemoheterotroph, live in environment with water, free living or parasites, important in food chains, some cause diseases
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What is the shape and size of protozoa?
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various shapes; 10 micrometers to 2 mm
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What are the 2 forms of protozoa?
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trophozoite and cyst
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What is the vegetative form of protozoa?
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trophozoite
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What is the resting form of protozoa?
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cyst
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What form of protozoa feeds and grows?
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trophozoite
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What is an example of protozoa?
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Balantidium coli
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What is produced by some protozoa to survive bad environment and outside host?
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cyst
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What does the cyst have?
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a protective covering outside the cell
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What does a cyst do?
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help the protozoa survive outside the host
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Which is more resistant: endospore or cyst?
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endospore
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What is going form a trophozoite to a cyst?
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encystment
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What is going from a cyst to a trophozoite?
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excystment
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What is a tough protective covering of the protozoa?
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pellicle
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What is the mouth like structure of protozoa?
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cytostome
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Where does food enter the protozoa?
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cytostome
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What is an opening to eliminate wastes?
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anal pore
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What is the contractile vacuole?
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water pump that keeps the cell from bursting in fresh water environment
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What does food do?
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food inside the food vacuole is digested and exits through the anal pore
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What are most protozoa?
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chemoheterotroph
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What is the protozoa that is not chemoheterotroph?
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Euglena
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What can Euglena do?
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can grow in light as photoautotroph and in dark chemoheterotroph
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What are the ways that nutrients can be taken in?
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transports nutrients across membrane, eat food through cytostome, eat food by phagocytosis
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How are foods digested?
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in vacuoles
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How are wastes eliminated?
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through membrane or anal pore
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What are the 3 ways protozoa can reproduce asexual reproduction?
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fission, budding, schizogony (multiple fission)
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What are yielded from schizogeny?
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merozoites
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What does one cell in schizogeny yield?
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multiple nucleus
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What are some ways protozoa can sexually reproduce?
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produce gametes and they fuse to form a zygote
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What is an example of a protozoa that has sexual reproduction?
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Plasmodium
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What protozoa reproduce by conjugation?
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ciliates
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What occurs in conjugation?
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cells fuse, exchange micronucleus (haploid) and separate and then macro and micro nucleus fuse and become a diploid cell
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What are modern protozoa based on?
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r-RNA sequence
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What protozoa classification has no mitochondria, no golgi bodies, and no peroxisome?
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archaezoa
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What protozoa classification has no mitochondria but has pseudopods?
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amoeba
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What protozoa classification has membrane bound alveoli?
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alveolates
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What has disc shaped cristae in mitochondria?
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euglenozoa
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How do you divide the parasites into 4 groups?
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ciliate, amoeba, flagellates, apicomplexans
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What have cilia outside?
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ciliates
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What has pseudopods?
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amoeba
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What use flagella to move?
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flagellates
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What is an obligate intracellular parasite that doesn't move in mature form, complex lifestyle?
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apicomplexans
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What do cilia do?
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propel the cell in water and bring food to cytostome
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What occurs with food in ciliates?
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food enters cytostome into cytopharynx and into food vacuoles
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How do wastes leave cilia?
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anal pore
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What is a ciliate that causes dysentery?
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Balantidium coli
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What does B. coli cause?
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dysentery
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How is B. coli spread?
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fecal oral route
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What is the shape of the cyst?
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sphere
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What is the shape of the trophozoite?
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pointed
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What move by pseudopods?
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amoeba
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How do amoeba engulf food?
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by phagocytosis
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How do amoeba reproduce?
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binary fission
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What do many amoeba do?
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produce cysts
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What have no defined shape?
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amoeba
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What are 3 examples of amoeba?
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Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria, Acanthamoeba
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What causes amoebic dysentery?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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What is transmitted by fecal oral route?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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What causes bacillary dysentery?
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shigella
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How many nuclei are in the Entamoeba histolytica cyst?
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4 nuclei
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What is amoebic meningoencephalitis?
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Naegleria
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What is amoebic encephalitis?
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Acanthamoeba
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Where do Naegleria and Acanthamoeba live?
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free living in water and moist soil
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Where does Naegleria enter?
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host through the nose (while swimming)
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Where does Acanthamoeba enter?
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host through cuts on skin, nose (while swimming) and conjunctiva
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Where can Naegleria and Acanthamoeba go?
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to the brain
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What can Acanthamoeba cause if enters eyes?
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conjunctiva dysfunction
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How do flagellates move?
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by flapping flagella
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What are 3 examples of flagellates?
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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis
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What does Trypanosoma brucei gambiense cause?
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African sleeping disease
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What causes giardiosis?
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Giardia lamblia
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What does Trichomonas vaginalis cause?
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STD
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Where does Giardia lamblia live?
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intestine
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How is Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted?
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by tsetse fly
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What happens with African sleeping sickness?
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injected into blood, invade CNS, cause mental deterioration
cause coma and death |
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What does trypanosoma have?
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undulating membrane that attaches flagella to cell: can help identify organism based on where it starts
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What is an intestinal infection caused by ingestion of cyst in water?
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giardiosis caused by giardia lamblia: transmitted by fecal oral route
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How does Giardia lamblia exit?
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in feces
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What can giardiosis cause?
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diarrhea for 3 months
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What causes an STD in male and female?
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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What has an undulating membrane and no cyst?
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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Does Trichomonas vaginalis need to survive outside host?
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no, it is spread by sexual contact
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What are apicomplexans also called?
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sporozoa
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What have a complex lifestyle?
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apicomplexans: asexual and sexual
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What form of apicomplexans is not motile?
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mature form
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What is apicomplexans?
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obligate intracellular parasite
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What are 3 forms of apicomplexans?
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Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum
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What does Plasmodium cause?
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malaria
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What does Toxoplasma gondii cause?
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toxoplasmosis
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What does Cryptosporidium parvum cause?
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cryptosporidiosis
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What occurs with plasmodium?
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mosquito injects sporozoite into human blood and goes to liver to invade, causes schizogony to make merozoites, go to blood and enter RBC and grow into ring; schizogony has more merozoites that burst RBC and exit and find new RBC and start over or turn to gamete to enter and form in mosquito and make zygote, make more sporozoites to inject another host
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What is a spindle shaped tropozoite?
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sporozoite
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What harbors the sexual stage of parasite?
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definitive host
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What harbors the asexual stage of parasite?
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intermediate host
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What is the definitive host in toxoplasma gondii?
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cat
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What occurs in toxoplasma gondii?
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cat produces oocyst in feces, feces ingested by another animal/human, grows into trophozoite and turns into bradyzoite
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What is an oocyst?
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2 cells each grow into its own
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What is a sporozoite?
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tachyzoite
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What is dangerous for fetus?
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toxoplasma gondii, pregnant women not handle cat litter
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What is in chicken manure?
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crytosporidiosis
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