Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How do you detect amylase on a plate?
|
add iodine and it will turn starch purple
If clear zone, the mos made amylase |
|
|
What is the degradation of starch
|
starch--> dextrins --> maltose --> glucose
|
|
|
What is used to detect lipase?
|
tributyrin agar if it goes from opaque to clear there is lipase
|
|
|
What is a clear zone on tributyrin agar called?
|
zone of lipolysis
|
|
|
What is used to detect proteinase (caseinase)?
|
milk agar
|
|
|
How can you tell if caseinase is made
|
if the milk agar goes from opaque to clear (clear zone surrounding colony)
|
|
|
What is a whitish-opaque major milk protein
|
casein
|
|
|
What is gelatin at a temp above 25 degrees C
|
liquid
|
|
|
What is geltain at a temp below 25 degrees C
|
solid
|
|
|
What does it mean if you chill gelatin after incubation and it is solid
|
there is no gelatinase (negative result)
|
|
|
What does it mean if you chill the medium after incubation and it is liquid?
|
gelatin has been hydrolized and has gelatinase (positive result)
|
|
|
What is rapid gelatin hydrolysis
|
a positive result after 2 days incubation at 37 d. C
|
|
|
What is slow gelatin hydrolysis
|
positive result after 5 d incubation at 37 d. C
|
|
|
What will organism degrade first: sugar or protein
|
sugar
|
|
|
What is a byproduce of sugar degradation
|
acid
|
|
|
What is a byproduct of protein degradation
|
(must deaminate) base
|
|
|
What is the real definition of fermentation
|
a metabolic process in which both the electron donor and final electron acceptors are organic
|
|
|
What is clinical definition of fermentation
|
degrading the sugar including hydrolysis or any conversion of the sugar
|
|
|
When will mos use proteins in a medium?
|
when the useful CH2O is used up or absent
|
|
|
What are some acidic products made by carb degradation?
|
pyruvate, lactate, acetic acid, etc (with or without gas)
|
|
|
What are proteins broken down into
|
basic products (NH3, amines, etc)
|
|
|
What is incorporated into biochemical tests to detect the pH of the end products after incubation?
|
pH indicator
|
|
|
What does an acidic pH indicate
|
sugar fermentation/ degradation
|
|
|
What does a basic pH indicate
|
that the mos degrades proteins
|
|
|
What does it mean if the mos degrades proteins
|
it cannot use the test sugar or it has already used up all of the test sugar
|
|
|
What is a chemical agent that changes color in response to pH in the environment
|
pH indicator
|
|
|
What are some common pH indicators
|
phenol red, bromcresol purple, neutral red, bromothymol blue, litmus
|
|
|
Interpret a phenol red result
|
acid = <6.8- yellow
neutral = orange base = >7.4- red |
|
|
Interpret a bromcresol purple result
|
acid <6.8 yellow
base >7.4 purple |
|
|
Interpret a neutral red result
|
acid <4.4 red
base >6.2 yellow |
|
|
Interpret a bromothymol blue result
|
neutral= green
base = blue |
|
|
Interpret a litmus result
|
acid <4.5 pink
neutral lavender base >8.3 blue |
|
|
Can you have gas bubbles w/o acid
|
no, acid makes gas
|
|
|
What are insoluble gases
|
H2 and CO2
|
|
|
How do you detect insoluble gases?
|
gas bubble in an inverted glass vial in a broth, breakage of coagulated litmus milk, breakage of solid agar
|
|
|
How do you detect soluble gas, such as H2S?
|
black ppt (FeS)
|
|
|
What does phenol red broth contain
|
peptone, pH indicator, phenol red, and a Durham tube
|
|
|
What sugar can be added to the phenol red broth for sugar fermentation test?
|
any
|
|
|
What does A in phenol red stand for?
|
acid production (shown by yellow color)
|
|
|
What does G in phenol red stand for?
|
gas production (gas bubble in Durham tube)
|
|
|
What does K stand for?
|
alkaline end products (indicated by red color)
|
|
|
What can lead to a reverse of pH in phenol red broth?
|
over incubation: when all the sugar is used up, the mos will start to use proteins and produce alkaline products. Broth will change from yellow to red
|
|
|
What is an agar slant used to different bacteria?
|
TSI: triple sugar iron agar
|
|
|
HOw does TSI differentiate bacteria
|
0.1% glucose
1% lactose 1% sucrose fermentation sulfur reduction (H2S production) |
|
|
What do you do in a TSI agar test?
|
the test mos is streaked on the slant and then stabbed into the butt
|
|
|
Why do bacteria grow fast on the surface of the TSI slant
|
aerobic condition
|
|
|
Why do bacteria grow slowly in the butt of the TSI slant
|
lack of O2
|
|
|
What does A in TSI test stand for?
|
acid production: phenol red turns yellow
|
|
|
What does K stand for in TSI
|
alkaline reaction: acid not used, protein is degraded
|
|
|
What does G in TSI stand for?
|
gas production: split the agar
|
|
|
What does K/K or R/R in TSI stand for?
|
no sugar fermentation: red slant and red butt
|
|
|
What does K/A or R/Y in TSI stand for?
|
glucose fermentation: red slant and yellow butt
|
|
|
What does A/A or Y/Y in TSI stand for?
|
lactose or sucrose fermentation (yellow slant and yellow butt)
|
|
|
What does H2S on TSI stand for?
|
H2S production: H2S + Fe++--> FeS (black ppt)
|
|
|
What does IMVic stand for?
|
indole
MR test VPtest Citrate test |
|
|
What is used in the indole test?
|
tryptone broth
|
|
|
What is used in the MR test
|
MRVP broth
|
|
|
What is used in the VP test
|
MRVP broth
|
|
|
What is used in the citrate test
|
simmon citrate agar slant
|
