*****biol 2130 Test 3

Front 1

What % of american diet is carb:

Back 1

50-60

Front 2

What % of american diet is protein:

Back 2

11-14

Front 3

What % of american diet is lipids:

Back 3

30-40

Front 4

Another name for tooth decay: (cavity)

Back 4

Dental Caries

Front 5

bacteria in the mouth feed on:

Back 5

plaque

Front 6

bacteria in mouth secrete:

Back 6

enzymes and acids

Front 7

diets high in ______ promote tooth decay

Back 7

carbs

Front 8

exposed tooth above gum line is covered by:

Back 8

enamel

Front 9

fold of mouth lining that attatches bottom of tongue to the floor of the mouth by the:

Back 9

Frenulum

Front 10

Saliva is a type of what kind of gland;

Back 10

Exocrine

Front 11

Saliva contains a antibacterial agent called:

Back 11

lysozyme

Front 12

Enzyme in saliva that breaks down complex carbs:

Back 12

Salivary amaylase

Front 13

Salivary amylase breaks down glycogen and startch to mostly:

Back 13

maltose

Front 14

maltose consists of:

Back 14

2 glucose molecules bonded together

Front 15

Saliva mixes with food to form a:

Back 15

Bolus

Front 16

wave like contractions in the esophogus stomach and intestines:

Back 16

Peristalsis

Front 17

What effect occurs to secrete saliva:

Back 17

Parasympathetic

Front 18

What mediates the parasympatheic effect:

Back 18

Ach

Front 19

What effect stimulates all digestive processes:

Back 19

Parasympathetic

Front 20

4 layered wall in the esophagus stomach and intestine include:

Back 20

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Front 21

Mucosa in the esophagus is made up of:

Back 21

stratified squamous and contain goblet cells

Front 22

Mucosa in the stomach and intestine is made up of:

Back 22

simple columnar

Front 23

Layer rich in blood and lymph vessles:

Back 23

Sub mucosa

Front 24

Smooth muscle layer where peristalsis beings:

Back 24

Muscularis

Front 25

Layer that covers the GI tract and keeps the surfaces wet and slippery

Back 25

Serosa

Front 26

sphincter muscle where esophagus meets stomach:

Back 26

Gastroesophogeal sphincter muscle

Front 27

Primary function of stomach:

Back 27

Mix food with gastric juice to produce chyme

Front 28

Powerful parastolcic contractions of the stomach that mix the food with gastic juice:

Back 28

Mixing waves

Front 29

sphincter muscle at the end of the stomach:

Back 29

Pyloric sphincter muscle

Front 30

Pyloric sphincter opens when:

Back 30

Chyme forms

Front 31

4 Gastric Glands include:

Back 31

Mucus
Parietal
Chief Cells
Enterendocrine Cells

Front 32

Cells that lubricate the stomach and protects the stomach from the acidic gastric juice

Back 32

Mucus

Front 33

Cells that secrete Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic:

Back 33

Parietal

Front 34

this acid sterilizes food:

Back 34

Hydrochloric acid

Front 35

Cells that secrete an inactive enzyme (pepsinogen)

Back 35

Chief Cells

Front 36

pepsinogen is secreted by:

Back 36

cheif cells

Front 37

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with:

Back 37

Hydrochloric Acid

Front 38

Enzyme that breaks down proteins:

Back 38

Pepsin

Front 39

carbohydrate digestion begins:

Back 39

in the mouth
(salivary glands)

Front 40

Protein digestion beings:

Back 40

in the stomach
(pepsin)

Front 41

Enteroendocrine cells secrete:

Back 41

gastrin

Front 42

Gastrin is secreted into:

Back 42

the blood stream

Front 43

What stimulates parietal and chief cells:

Back 43

Gastrin

Front 44

3 parts of the small intestine:

Back 44

Duadinum
Jujunum
Illium

Front 45

Most of digestion and absorption occurs in :

Back 45

Small intestine

Front 46

Duodenum recieves:

Back 46

Bile from Liver
Pancreatic Juice from Pancrease
Chyme from Stomach

Front 47

Folds in small intestine: (2)

Back 47

Villus
Microvilli

Front 48

large folds of the mucosa

Back 48

villus

Front 49

Microscopic projection of plasma membranes of simple columnar that line lumen do not wave

Back 49

Microvilli

Front 50

Carb digestion occurs in:

Back 50

Small intestine

Front 51

Enzyme in small intestine that breaks down glycogen and starch to maltose

Back 51

Pancreatic Amylase

Front 52

Breaking down of maltose to 2 glucose

Back 52

Maltase

Front 53

Splits sucrose to glucose and fructose

Back 53

Sucrase

Front 54

Splits lactose to glucose and galactose:

Back 54

Lactase

Front 55

Lactose intollerant: lactose remains where:

Back 55

Intestine

Front 56

Intestinal enzyme that breaks down protein

Back 56

Intestinal Protease

Front 57

Enzyme secreted by intestinal cells that convert trypsinogen from pancrease to tripsin (powerful protease)

Back 57

Enterokinase

Front 58

major site of lipid digestion:

Back 58

Small Intestine

Front 59

Enzyme that breaks down lipids:

Back 59

Pancreatic Lipase

Front 60

Lipids are broken down to:

Back 60

2 fatty acids and monoglyceride

Front 61

The smooth ER of epitheal cells that line the intestine contain enzymes that recombine the FA +monoglyceride to triglycerids

Back 61

Chyomicrons

Front 62

Cells of the small intestine that secrete CCK and Secretin

Back 62

Enteroendocrine Cells

Front 63

Major stimulus for release of both hormones is:

Back 63

movement of chyme into small intestine

Front 64

Stimulates smooth muscle in wall of gall bladder to push bile out of ducts:

Back 64

CCK

Front 65

when apenix ruptures and bactera leads into abdominal cavity

Back 65

Apendicitis

Front 66

2 anus muscles

Back 66

Internal Anal Spincter muscle
External Anal Sphincter muscle

Front 67

which is skeletal muscle that holds feces

Back 67

External anal sphincter muscle

Front 68

Major function of large intestine:

Back 68

Water Absorbtion
Intestinal Bacteria (symboitic)

Front 69

Testing of H2O for e.coli

Back 69

Coliform Count

Front 70

Dual function of pancrease:

Back 70

Endocrine(2)
Digestive

Front 71

Endocrine function of pancreas:

Back 71

Regulate blood sugar levels
(glucagon insulin)
Islet Cells

Front 72

What cells secrete pancreatic juice:

Back 72

Acinar Cells

Front 73

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides:

Back 73

Pancreatic Amylase

Front 74

Pancreatic enzyme that aids in triglicerids

Back 74

Pancreatic Lipase

Front 75

Inactive enzyme in Pancreas that is convertered in the intestine by enterokinase:

Back 75

Trypsinogen

Front 76

Tripsinogen converts to

Back 76

Tripsin (protease)

Front 77

What makes pancreatic juice alkaline

Back 77

Sodium Bicarbonate

Front 78

essential for absorbtion of fat soluable vitamins:

Back 78

Bile salts

Front 79

breaking of fat globules into tiny droplets

Back 79

Emulsification

Front 80

Most of carbs in body is strored in:

Back 80

Skeletal muscle cells (glycogen)

Front 81

Synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Back 81

Glycogensis (liver)

Front 82

Glycogenesis occurs when:

Back 82

you're digesting a mean

Front 83

Glycogenesis is stimulated by:

Back 83

Insulin

Front 84

Insulin stimulates glycogensis which will couple:

Back 84

glucose to glycogen

Front 85

breaking down of glycogen to glucose:

Back 85

Glycogenolysis

Front 86

Formation of non carb to glucose

Back 86

Glyconeogenesis
aa lose NH3 become glucose

Front 87

Glyconeogenesis is promoted by:

Back 87

Cortisol and glucagon

Front 88

Urea formation is made by:

Back 88

liver

Front 89

aa's losing NH3 is known as

Back 89

deamination

Front 90

Inflammation of liver:

Back 90

Hepatitis

Front 91

Chroninc long term liver disease

Back 91

Cerrhosis

Front 92

Gallstones are made by:

Back 92

cholesterol and bile

Front 93

Selfinduced starvation:

Back 93

Anorexia

Front 94

Bing-purge syndrome:

Back 94

Bulemia