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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origin of mutation
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dark side of mutation ( cancer, FB, etc)
In this class: Genetic variance etc flower nutrition. |
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Mutation and mutants
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recreate new variants of genes and recombinantion
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Mutation
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change in DNA sequence that can lead to an altered coding or gene regulatory sequence and altered phenotype
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Somatic mutation
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not inheritable. a patch of mutant cells.
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Germline mutations
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fall within cells that make gametes.
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Is mutation a normal ongoing process
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fluctuation test
spontaneous vs. genetic adaptation |
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How do they do that ?
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Compare bacterial resistance o viruses between many independently grown samples of bacteria
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We are undergoing
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spontaneous mutation
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Spontaneous mutations occur
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pretty rare but detectible frequency.
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We each carry
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around 150 mutation
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General types of mutation
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spontaneous
Induced Point mutation Insertional mutation Chromosomal mutartion. |
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Types of point muations
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base substitutions
. Transition - Purine -> purine; pyrimidine -> pyrimidine ( G.C->A.T) . Transversion- Indels mutaion . Insertions/deletion. |
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Origins of spontaneous mutation
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Replication errors:
-Base mispariring |
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Replication errors
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transitions and transversions
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Chemical changes to DNA
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Depurination
LEads most frequently to transversions but also transitions. |
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Cosequences of point mutatopms
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changes to encoded proteins
Loss of function mutation: Hypomorphic, null Gian of function mutation: Hypermophic and neomorphic mutation |
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Consequences of point mutations
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silent mutation: no affect of the protein
Missense mutation: -Conversative (neutral mutation) chemically similar amino acid. -Nonconservative- chemically dissimilar acid. |
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Mutation in noncoding sequences can also affect protein-coding gene function
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eg. splice site and cis regulatory sequence.
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4 types of may cause mutation
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DNA mispairing due to wobles position
DNA slippage ( deletion ) Cell Depurination ( tranversion , usually A-> T or C-> G ) Deamination ( C- Uracil -> usually transition ) |
