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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic compound with a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group.
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Nucleotide
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A type of nitrogen-containing base in nucleotides; also, a nucleotide with an adenine base. Base-pairs with Thymine in DNA and RNA.
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Adenine
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A type of nitrogen-containing base in nucleotides; also, a nucleotide with a cytosine base. Base-pairs with Cytosine in DNA and RNA.
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Guanine
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A type of nitrogen-containing base in nucleotides; also, a nucleotide with a cytosine base. Base-pairs with Guanine in DNA and RNA.
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Cytosine
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A type of nitrogen-containing base in nucleotides; also, a mucleotide with a cytoside base. Base-pairs with Adenine in DNA and RNA.
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Thymine
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Failure of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to seperate during meiosis.
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Nondisjunction
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DNA replication enzyme; assembles a new strand of DNA based on the sequence of a DNA template.
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DNA Polymerase
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Preparation of an individual's metaphase chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location.
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Karyotype
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Member of a pair of chromosomes that differs among males and females.
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Sex Chromosome
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Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.
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Autosome
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Antigen
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A molecule or particle that the immune system recognizes as nonself; triggers an immune response.
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Inflammation
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Response to tissue invasion or injury.
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Complement
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A set of proteins that circulate in inactive form in blood.
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Effector Cell
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Muscle or gland that responds to neutral or endoctrine signals.
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Antibody
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Y- or T-shaped protein that can bind to a specific antigen; made only by B cells.
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Allergen
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A normally harmless substance that provokes an immune response in some people.
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Autoimmune Response
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Immune response that targets one's own tissues.
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Vaccine
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A type of antigen-containing preparation introduced into the body to prime the immune system to recognize the antigen before actual infection.
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Natural Killer Cells (NK cell)
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One of the lymphocytes; kills infected cells and tumor cells that evade other lymphocytes.
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A karyotype...
A. compares one set of chromosomes to another B. is a visual display of chromosomes arranged according to size C. is a photograph of cells undergoing mitosis during anaphase D. of a normal human cell shows 48 chromosomes |
B. is a visual display of chromosomes arranged according to size.
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Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. What is the
probability that a colorblind woman and a man with normal vision will have a colorblind daughter? |
0%
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Preimplantation diagnosis...
A. relies on ultrasound imaging B. is a routine test in newborns C. is often conducted as part of in vitro fertilization D. is a form of amniocentesis |
C. Is often conducted as part of in vitro fertilization.
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Three of the four scientists listed below were instrumental in establishing that DNA is
the genetic material. Select the exception. A. Franklin B. Avery C. Hershey D. Chase |
A. Franklin
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. In DNA, complementary base pairing occurs between...
A. adenine and cytosine B. adenine and guanine C. adenine and uracil D. adenine and thymine |
D. Adenine and Thymine
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DNA replication occurs through the help of...
A. DNA replicase. B. DNA polymerase. C. RNA polymerase. D. centrioles. |
B. DNA polymerase
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Which of the following brings amino acids to ribosomes?
A. mRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. all of these |
B. tRNA
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The synthesis of an mRNA molecule from a DNA template strand is called...
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Transcription
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If the template strand of DNA is ATG, the tRNA anticodon will be...
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AUG
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A gene mutation...
A. is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA B. may be caused by environmental agents. C. produces new alleles in a population D. all of these |
D. All of these
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Which of the following is likely to occur in the E. coli cells of your gut if you avoid
eating any dairy products for several days? A. Lactose will bind to the repressor protein. B. RNA polymerase will bind to the promoter. C. The lactose-metabolizing genes will be transcribed. D. The repressor protein will bind to the operator and prevent transcription of the lactosemetabolizing genes |
D. The repressor protein will bind to the operator and prevent transcription of the lactosemetabolizing genes
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In eukaryotes, gene expression can be regulated in which of the following stages?
A. transcription B. translation C. post-translation D. All of the above. |
D. All of these
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What can seal breaks in DNA?
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DNA ligase
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For the polymerase chain reaction to occur...
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Isolated DNA molecules must be primed, and the DNA must be separated into single
strands. |
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Which system involves freely circulating proteins activated when they contact a
bacterial cell? |
Complement
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Antibodies...
A. bind antigen B. activate complement C. block virus from binding to host cells D. all of the above |
D. All of these
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Which cells cause rapid division of other B and T cells?
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Helper T
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When the body’s defenses turn against its own cells, the disorder is called...
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An autoimmune response
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Which of the following are obstacles to finding a vaccine for AIDS?
A. HIV has a high mutation rate. B. Using a live attenuated virus is too dangerous. C. Testing of a proper vaccine would require large numbers of human volunteers. D. All of the above. |
D. All of the above
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The lysogenic pathway is characterized by...
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Passive replication of viral DNA
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Mad cow disease is caused by a...
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Bacterium
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Endospores
A. resist harsh conditions B. enable some bacteria to survive for long periods of time C. are in a dormant, “resting” state D. all of these |
D. All of these
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Lytic cycle
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A rapid viral replication pathway. Viral genes direct the host cell to make new virus particles, which are released when the host cell dies.
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Endospore
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Of certain bacteria, a resting structure enclosing a bit of cytoplasm and the DNA; resists heat, irradiation, drying, acids, disinfectants, and boiling water. When conditions favor growth, it germinates and a bacterium emerges from it.
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Horizontal Gene Transfer
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Process by which a living cell acquires genes from another cell of the same or different species, e.g. by bacterial conjugation.
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Prion
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A type of protein found in vertebrate nervous systems; becomes infectious when its shape changes.
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Lysogenic Cycle
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Viral replication mode in which viral genes get integrated into host chromosome and may be inactive through many host cell divisions before being replicated.
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