Bioethics: Exam 3

Front 1

If something is considered to be artificial, that means it is also:

Back 1

unnatural

Front 2

Artificial insemination involves retrieving:

Back 2

male sperm

Front 3

The ethics of artificial donor insemination require that the donor spern _________ screened for possible defects associated with the donor's background.

Back 3

ARE

Front 4

The requirement to avoid consanguity (together blood, same blood) indicates that artificial donor insemination is concerned with the issue of:

Back 4

Incest

Front 5

Egss that are not used in the IVF process present the ethical issue called the _______ problem.

Back 5

Discard

Front 6

Concerning the question of what exactly is the status of a frozen embryo, in the Davis case where the 2 contributors to the production of the embryo were divorcing, the court ruled that the frozen embryo was:

Back 6

Neither a person or property

Front 7

With respect to IVF, while the risks to the mother can be carefully calculated, the risks to the offspring are largely unknown. T/F

Back 7

TRUE

Front 8

The surrogate mother is also known as the _______ mother.

Back 8

Gestational

Front 9

Until recently, laws concerning the possession of a baby brought to birth through surrogate motherhood generally favord the ________ mother.

Back 9

Gestational

Front 10

Infertility is generally understood to be a:

Back 10

natural obstacle to be overcome

Front 11

Artificial means of reproduction generally involve the question of whether or no we are ethically justified in venturing into the unknown to obtain real goods. T/F

Back 11

TRUE

Front 12

With respect to the ethics of the health care provider concerning artificial means of reproduction, it is important to:

Back 12

Get informed consent AND follow medical indications

Front 13

According to our authors, we are ethically obligated to donate our organs. T/F

Back 13

FALSE

Front 14

The anencephalic baby, whose parents choose to allow the baby's organs to be transplanted, is an example of a __________ donor.

Back 14

living but terminal

Front 15

One suggestion for increasing the supply of organs for donation and transplantation would be to ______ our current definition of death.

Back 15

Loosen

Front 16

Concerning the ethics of cadaver orgna donation when a valid donor card exists, the will of the _______ is of primary importance concerning whether the deceased patient's organs will be recovered for transplant.

Back 16

Patient

Front 17

Time and place of death, location of the person needing the organ, skills of the doctors are all _______ criteria for transplantation.

Back 17

Technical

Front 18

Regarding the allocation of organs, we should always try to ________ the positive outcomes.

Back 18

Maximize

Front 19

A test result which indicates that a patient is free of the condition, when it is in reality present, is termed:

Back 19

False Negative

Front 20

A test result which indicates the presence of an infection when it is actually absent is termed:

Back 20

False Positive

Front 21

Once a test is given, there can be no disagreement on the interpretation of the test results. T/F

Back 21

FALSE

Front 22

Concerning prenatal testing, in general an invasive test carries more risk for both the mother and fetus that does a noninvasive test. T/F

Back 22

TRUE

Front 23

False positives are usually higher in:

Back 23

Mass screenings

Front 24

Which of the following is not one of the "costs" of testing and screening?

Back 24

Anthropological

Front 25

Concerning the use of human subjects for research, it is ethically important for the individual good to outweigh the common good. T/F

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

For informed consent to be valid, the research subject must be told about the possibility of a placebo being used in the research. T/F

Back 26

TRUE

Front 27

Concerning errors in the publication of research results, an effect attributed to chance, but which is actually an effect of treatment is termed a type _______ error.

Back 27

II (TWO)

Front 28

An error which occurs when the observed results are attributed to treatment, but are merely due to chance is termed a type _______ error.

Back 28

I (ONE)

Front 29

According to our authors, up to _______ of all research papers are flawed in some way.

Back 29

75%

Front 30

A trait/disease which manifests through several genes is termed:

Back 30

Polygenic

Front 31

In artificial insemination-
"Same name"; a donor who is the husband or significant other of the woman

Back 31

Homologus donor

Front 32

In artificial insemination-
"Other name"; an anonymous donor who is a stranger to the woman

Back 32

Heterologous donor

Front 33

When symptoms are present. Example: a mother takes her child to get a strep test when his throat hurts and glands are swollen (symptoms of strep)

Back 33

Testing

Front 34

When no symptoms are present.
Example: A woman goes to get a yearly mamogram even though she doesn't feel lumps in her breasts and shows no signs of breast cancer

Back 34

Screening

Front 35

Donating an organ that is renewable in yoru body such as blood or bone marrow. The donor is living.

Back 35

Renewable resource

Ex: Can donate blood every 58 days.

Front 36

Donating an organ that is nonrenewable but you have two of (paired), such as your corneas, kidney, lobe of a lung ect. The donor is a living cadaver.

Back 36

Paired Nonrenewable

Ex: Donating a kidney to your sister who is having kidney failure.

Front 37

Donating a single organ that is nonrenewable in your body such as a heart or liver. The donor is declared dead and is a cadaver.

Back 37

Nonpaired Nonrenewable

Ex: You have declared yourself an organ donor and give consent that if you were to die, your organs could be donated and transplanted to another person or to medical research.

Front 38

The insertion into a body cell (not a sperm or egg) of a functioning gene to supplement a damaged one.

Back 38

Somatic Gene Therapy

Ex: After the sperm and egg meet and fertilization occurs, all 46 chromosomes are present.

Front 39

Changing either the sperm or the egg for a single cell zygote.

Back 39

Germ Line Therapy

Ex: This process is much more risky than somatic

Front 40

Somatic Gene Therapy is more ethically accepted because:

Back 40

It is much less risky.
Gene line can be passed on to future generations, somatic stops with that individual.
Meddling with evolution.
Correcting one problem, but causing another.
Distinguishing cosemetic enhancements from prevention of crippling and devastating disease.

Front 41

If we completely conceal the identity of the donor there would be no way to:

Back 41

trace back the medical history of the child if there were medical indication to do so (because of possible defects associated with the donor's background)