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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Three phases of AErobic respiration
Oxidize fuels to acetyl CoA, Make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, use ATP
Enzymes affect rxn how?
Lower activation energy, Increase rxn rate, DO NOT change G
Transition state is?
point in rxn which substrates have highest energy level "tipping point"
Induced fit model
More complex than lock/key model, represents conformational change when enzyme binds substrate
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Is what accumulates when drinking
Role of NAD+ in metabolizing alcohol =
oxidizing agent --> being reduced to NADH
NAD synthesized from?
Niacin
FAD synth from?
Riboflavin
TPP synth from
Thiamine (B1)
CoA from?
Pantothenate (B5)
Biotin from?
Biotin
Folic Acid from?
Tetrahydrofolate
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) from?
Pyridoxine (B6)
Michaelis-Menton terms: Vmax, Km, Kd
Vmax: maximum velocity that can be reached
Km: concentration of substrate needed to reach 1/2 Vmax --> this is a measure of affinity of substrate for enzyme
Kd: measures binding, conc. when binding is 1/2 saturated
Kd =
describes affinity of ligands for receptors
Km =
conc of sub needed to = 1/2 Vmax
Specificity =
how high affinity is between one ligand/one receptor; higher aff=higher spec
*know how to interpret charts
Competitive inhibition
inhibitors bind at same site as substrate so they are competing for bind site
How does comp inhibition effect LineweaverBurk plot? ie what intercept(s) will change, what about slope?
Will NOT influence Vmax, but will Km. This will change Xintercept/slope of line, but NOT Yintercept
Non-competitive inhibitors bind at - site?
allosteric, & can bind enzyme with or w.o substrate
Non-comp inhibitors & LB plot?
Km is unchanged, but Vmax is altered
Uncompetitive inhibitors act?
Can only bind when substrate is bound. BOTH Km/Vmax altered
Disulfiram forms covalent w ALDH via disulfide bond; what type inhibition is this?
Irreversible
Ligand binding; Agonist will - cascade while antagonist will - cascade upon binding
Agonists will activate signal cascade while antagonists do not
Product inhibition general?
accumulation of product decreases activity of enzyme, can be directly or allosterically mediated
Zymogen is?
inactive precursor
Pepsinogen/Chymotrypsinogen are examples of precursors, which are generally known as ?
Zymogens