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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List three energy containing nutrients
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carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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List three energy depleted end products
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CO2, H20 and NH3
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As carbon is oxidized in an O2 sink (by respiration) what is the major donor and major acceptor in reduction.
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Major e- donor : NADPH
Major e- acceptor : NAD+ |
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In muscle movement when does the power stroke occur?
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When ADP is released from the myosin head (an ATPase)
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Energy is required to maintain ______________an example of which is the covalent modification that occurs with the sodium pump
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cellular homeostasis
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What are the 4 types of Kinetic energy?
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Radiant, Thermal, Mechanical, and Electric.
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What are the 4 storage sites of potential energy?
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chemical bonds, concentration gradients, electric fields (charge seperation), and redox pairs.
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What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
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Energy is neither created, nor destroyed. Energy can be converted into different forms but is always conserved.
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What is different about energy commerce than US commerce?
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It is highly regulated
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
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The entropy of the universe is always increasing.
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What is entropy?
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A measure of randomness of the universe.
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The universe is asymetrical - which way do reaction occur?
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In the direction that increases entropy
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What does /\ G stand for?
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Gibbs free energy is the maximum work that a process can perform under constand pressure.
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The theoretical /\G does not account for what?
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entropy tax
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What is /\G for a chemical reaction?
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/\G = /\H -T/\S
H=enthalpy, S=entropy, T= Temp in Kelvin |
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What is /\G for a gradiant of concentration with movement from C1 to C2?
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/\G = 2.3RT log [C2] / [C1]
R= gas constant T= temp kelvin |
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What is /\G for an electrical field?
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/\G = zF /\w
z= charge F= faraday constant w= difference in electric potential in volts |
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What is /\G for a redox reaction?
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/\G = - nF/\E
n= number of electrons transferred F= Faraday constant /\E= difference in reduction potential in volts |
