Biodiversity: Organisms

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Chromalveolates:
Dinoflagellates

Back 1

- Unicellular, photosynthetic

- Can be parasitic: Apixomplexans

- two flagella: one around girdle, one from posterior

- armoured in cellulose plates

- cause red tides, may contain saxitoxin/brevetoxin

- mesokaryotic, chromosomes always condensed

Front 2

Euglenoidea:
Euglenids

Back 2

- Photosynthetic

- Light-sensitive rhodopsin based eyespot

- One flagellum, can 'wriggle'

- Surrounded by protein pellice

- autotrophic in light, heterotrophic in dark (mixotrophs)

- Chloroplasts from endosymbiosis

Front 3

Cyanobacteria:
Anabaena

Back 3

- Plankton

- Nitrogen fixation in anaerobic heterocysts

- Photosynthetic

- Filamentous

- Autotrophic

Front 4

Cyanobacteria:
Spirulina

Back 4

- Photosynthetic

- Used as a protein source + as a dye

- Caustic extremophile

Front 5

Alga:
Diatoms

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- Silica based cell wall

- Single-celled phytoplankton

- Consist of lid, base and raphe

- Cytoplasmic extrusions from raphe allow movement + adhesion

- Used in metal polish + nitroglycerine

- Can cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (domoic acid)

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Brown Agla:

Laminaria

Back 6

- Example of macroscopic brown algae

- Important in biotech: nori, E numbers

- Phaeophyte/kelp: Make up kelp forests

- Sea Urchin/otter ecosystem

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Cyanobacteria:

Gleocapsa

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- Unicellular

- N fixation in night, C fixation in day

- Adapted to resist dessication

- Gelatinous sheaths around single/groups of cells

- 'glue box'

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Cyanobacteria:

Stromatolites

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- Cyanobacteria encased in calcium carbonate exoskeletons

- Peaked in diversity/abundance 1.25 bya

- provide microbial fossil records

- formed in shallow water

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Ciliate:
Paramecium

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- Covered in cilia that move food to 'mouth'

- Heterotrophic

- Protist

- Unicellular

- Can have bacterial endosymbionts

Front 10

Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):
Volvox

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- Coenobium

- daughter coenobium formed inside parent where they grow and eventually burst free

- Hollow balls made up of 500-50,000 individual eukaryotic cells with 2 flagella each

- daughter coenobium undergo inversion during development - model organism for development

- cells connected by cytoplasm

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Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):

Chlamydomonas

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- unicellular algae with two flagella

- live in haploid state
- model organism: moillilty, response to light
- differentiate into (n) gametes under N starvation - sexual reproduction

- mt+ and mt- mating forms

- mannose based cell wall

- light based asexual cell cycle

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Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):

Chara

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- multicellular freshwater algae

- gave rise to terrestrial plants

- have chlorophyll a and b pigments

- calcium carbonate exoskeleton

- use sporopollenin to prevents zygote dessication

Front 13

Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):

Caulerpa

Back 13

h

Front 14

Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):

Ulva

Back 14

c

Front 15

Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):

Acetabularia

Back 15

c

Front 16

Chlorophyta

(Green Alga):

Coleochaete

Back 16

c

Front 17

Liverwort:
Riccia

Back 17

c

Front 18

Mosses:
Polytrichum

Back 18

c

Front 19

Liverwort:

Conoecephalum

Back 19

c

Front 20

Mosses:

Splachnum

Back 20

c

Front 21

Mosses:

Sphagnum

Back 21

c

Front 22

Bryophyte-Vascular Link:

Aglaophyton

Back 22

c

Front 23

Macroalgae:

Macrocystis Pyrifera

Back 23

c