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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does 7alpha hydroxylase do for cholesterol
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it puts on an OH
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What is the feed back regulated by
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bile salts
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general process of cholesterol synthesis
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acetyl Co A, acetoacetyl CoA, HMG CoA, Mevalonate (via HMG CoA reductase), isoprenes units, squalene, chesterol via cyclizatin of squaline)
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What is delivered to the tissue for processing
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cholesteryl esters
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the hepatic pool is source for what
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bile acid synthesis
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density of HDL
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1.063-1.125
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density of LDL
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1.019-1.063
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density of IDL
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1.019
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density of VLDL
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0.93-1.006
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density of chylomicrons
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.93
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what are triglycerides used for
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Energy storage and energy production
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what is cholesterol used for
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steroid synthesis, cell membrane and bile acids
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Why is it that HDL are not atherogenic
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because it lacks apo B
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Region one
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LDL binding region-cystine rich disulfide bonds, are releasing Ca++ when LDL is protonated and confoimation chages are made so disconnection form docking site occurs
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region two
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epidermal growth factor like domain
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domain three
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n linked oligosaccharides rich in serin and threnonine it physically extends receptors for LDL binding
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region four
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O linked oligosaccharides
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region five
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transmembrane domain->22 residues spanning the cell membrane
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region six
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intracellular (cytoic region)domain regulates interactions between C-term and clathrin coated pits (endocytosis)
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Apolipoprotein associated with HDL
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A I
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apolipoprotein associated with remnant receptor (ligan on lipoprotein particle for interaction with receptor site on cell)
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E
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LDL Receptor
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B 100 E
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HDL receptor
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A-I
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Intestinal chylomicron
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B48 and B 100
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VLDL (associated with liver)
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A-I
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liproprotein lipase
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C II
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ABCA1
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ATP binding membrane cassette transporter
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CETP
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Cholesterol ester transport protein
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How is LDL Cholesterol calculated
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LDL=Total Cholesterol-HDL Cholesterol - TG/5
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What are the exclusion when calculating cholesterol
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TG>400, Chylomicrons and type IIi
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What are the normal triglyceride levels
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<15mg/dl
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borderline high triglycerides
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150 to 199 mg/dl
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high triglycerides
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200 to 499 mg/dl
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very high triglycerides
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>500mg/dl increased pancreatitis, initial treatment is prevention of acute pancreatitis
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Structure of Lp(a)
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central LDL core, two proteins, single copy of apoB100 linked to single copy of apo (a) not found in any other lipoprotein class
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Structure of LPa with small improvements
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apo, protease domain and kringle 5 domain, K4 types 1 and 3-10 are present and the k4 type 2 variability
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Thromboxanes
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role in clot formation. Vasoconstrictor and a potent hypertensive agent that facilitates platelet aggregation
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Contribute to inflammation in asthma and bronchitis. Neutrophil chemotaxis, inflammation medication act on G protein.
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leukotrines. they can induce anaphylactic shock wen in excess
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Constriction or dilation in vascular muscle platelet aggregaion or disaggregation.
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cyclo-oxygenase pathway prostaglandins
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Decrease intraocular pressure inflammatory mediator, cell cycle regulation, potent with short half life. paracrine or autocrine
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cyclo-oxygenase pathway prostaglandins
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nonsense or frame shift mutation
salt wasting is most severe form genital ambiguity in both sexes |
3 b hydroxysteroid hehydrogenase deficiency
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1% of all CAH
males born with under virilized genitalia (testosterone defect. females lack 2nd sex characteristiccs at puberty |
17 alph OHD
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