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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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unsaturated hydrocarbons
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hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond; alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds
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alkenes
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unsaturated hydrocarbon; carbon-carbon double bond
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alkynes
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unsaturated hydrocarbon; carbon-carbon triple bond
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geometric isomers
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cis/trans isomers
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addition reaction
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key reaction of the double bond (alkenes)
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hydrogenation
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+ H2 (with metal and heat/pressure)
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halogenation
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+ X2
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hydration
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+ H2O (with H+)
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Markovnikov's rule
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the carbon of the carbon-carbon double bond that originally has more hydrogen atoms receives the hydrogen atom being added to the double bond
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hydrohalogenation
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+ HX
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polymers
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macromolecules composed of multiple monomers
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monomers
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structural units
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addition polymers
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are made by the sequential addition of the alkene monomer
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aromatic hydrocarbons
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an organic compound that contains the benzene ring or a derivative of the benzene ring
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phenyl group
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the group derived by removing one hydrogen from benzene (-C6H5)
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substitution reactions
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typical reactions of benzene, in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by another atom or group of atoms
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heterocyclic aromatic compounds
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having at least one atom other than carbon as part of the structure of the aromatic ring
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How do you determine boiling points in an alkane, alkene, cycloalkane, or alkyne?
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More branches = Lower boiling point
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Which (alkane, alkene, cycloalkane) has free rotation?
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Alkanes
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Tetrahedral
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-ane, 109.5 degree angles, sp3 hybrid orbital
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Planar
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-ene, 120 degree angles, sp2 hybrid orbital
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Linear
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-yne, 180 degree angles, sp1 hybrid orbital
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Hybrid Orbitals
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used to form sigma bond connections
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General Formula Alkane
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CnH2n+2
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General Formula Alkene
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CnH2n
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General Formula Alkyne
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CnH2n-2
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Cycloalkane
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CnH2n
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What does the circle inside the hexagon represent in benzene?
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The relationship of electrons to the 6 carbons in the benzene ring.
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What is a tautomer or resonance structure?
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Kekule Structure
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IUPAC name for acetylene?
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Ethyne
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