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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamin A
deficiency |
night blindness (rhodopsin),
xerophthalmia, growth & mental retardation, impotence |
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Vitamin A
functions |
forms rhodopsin -> vision,
epithelial differentiation, bone growth, spermatogenesis, blocking fetal resorption |
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Vitamin C
functions |
coenzyme for hydroxylation, esp. during collagen synthesis
antioxidant |
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Vitamin C
deficiency |
scurvy (dec. collagen):
sore, spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile blood vessels + anemia, swollen joints |
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Vitamin D
functions |
promotes bone mineralization:
+ GI uptake of Ca + renal reabsorption of Ca + Ca mobilization from bone |
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Vitamin D
deficiency |
rickets - children
osteomalacia - adults |
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Vitamin D
toxicity |
loss of appetite, nausea, thirst,
stupor, hypercalcemia -> deposits |
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Vitamin D
metabolism |
synthesized in skin, or in diet
not active until 2x hydroxylated: 25-OH liver + 1-OH kidney -> 1,25 diOH D3 1-OH stimulated by -PO or +PTH |
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Vitamin E
functions |
antioxidant
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Vitamin E
deficiency |
RBC fragility -> hemolytic anemia
(rare) |
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Vitamin K
functions |
blood clotting factors
(via Glu carboxylation) |
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Vitamin K
deficiency |
hemorrhage:
+PT & +PTT & nl. bl time neonates do not produce (sterile GI), also reduced by ABX, warfarin is Vit K antagonist |
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Vitamin K-dependent
clotting factors |
II, VII, IX, X
protein C & protein S |
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zinc
deficiency |
delayed wound healing
hypogonadism - adult hair predispose alc. cirrhosis |
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folic acid
functions |
coenzyme for THF (methylation)
synthesis of purines, pyroxidines |
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folic acid
deficiency |
megaloblastic anemia (dec. neuro vs. B₁₂)
birth defects most common deficiency in US |
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biotin functions
|
cofactor for carboxylations:
pyruvate -> oxaloacetate acetyl-CoA -> malonyl-CoA |
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biotin
deficiency |
dermatitis, enteritis
(rare, 20+ egg whites) |
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thiamine (B₁)
functions |
cofactor for:
pyruvate -> acetyl CoA α-ketoglutarate -> succinyl CoA ribose 5-P -> glyceraldehyde 3-P |
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thiamine (B₁)
deficiency |
Beriberi (polished rice):
Infants - tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions Adults (dry) - neuropathy, mental Δ Adults (wet) - same + cardiomyopathy/CHF/edema Wernicke-Korsakoff (EtOH): apathy, dec. memory, rhythmic eye movements |
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riboflavin (B₂)
functions |
FAD, FMN cofactors
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riboflavin (B₂)
deficiency |
angular stomatitis,
cheilosis, corneal vascularization |
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niacin (B₃)
functions |
NAD, NADP cofactors
can be derived from tryptophan + B₆ |
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niacin (B₃)
deficiency |
pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia, death |
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pantethenate (B₅)
functions |
component of CoA (acetylation)
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pyridoxine (B₆)
functions |
cofactor for transamination
cofactor for synthesizing B₃ |
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pyridoxine (B₆)
deficiency |
glossitis, convulsions, mental Δ, periph. neuropathy
primary cause: isoniazid (TB) |
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cobalamin (B₁₂)
functions |
synthesis of methionine
β oxidation of odd FAs |
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cobalamin (B₁₂)
absorption |
requires intrinsic factor,
absorbed in terminal ileum, stored in liver Schilling test detects deficiency |
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cobalamin (B₁₂)
deficiency |
megaloblastic anemia,
CNS symptoms causes: pernicious anemia (dec. IF), poor absorption (sprue, enteritis), absent ileum (Crohn's), severe vegetarian diet |
