Biochemistry, Organic Chem

Front 1

What is organic chemisrty?

Back 1

The study of the compunds of carbon

Front 2

What are functional groups?

Back 2

They are sites of chemical reactivity.

Front 3

What are functional groups?

Back 3

Functional groups are also the characteristic structural units by which both classify and name organic compounds.

Front 4

Name the important functional groups used for this course.

Back 4

Hydroxyl group: alcohols
Amino: amines
Carbonyl: aldehydes and ketones
Carboxyl: carboxylic acids

Front 5

What enables us to account for the fact that carbon forms four covalent bonds that may be various combinations of single, double, and triple bonds?

Back 5

The Lewis Model of Bonding

Front 6

How many covalent bonds does carbon form?

Back 6

Four and has no unshared pairs of electrons

Front 7

How many covalent bonds does nitrogen form?

Back 7

Three. One unshared pair of electrons

Front 8

What forms two covalent bonds and two unshared pair of electrons.

Back 8

Oxygen.

Front 9

What forms one covalent bond and has no unshared pairs of electrons

Back 9

Hydrogen

Front 10

what is a hydroxyl group?

Back 10

An -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom

Front 11

name the three types of alcohols?

Back 11

primary, secondary and tertiary

Front 12

the Lewis structure is the same as what structure?

Back 12

structural formulas

Front 13

What is a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms?

Back 13

a ketone

Front 14

What is a compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen

Back 14

Aldehyde

Front 15

Is there any difference between vanillin made synthetically and vanilla beans?

Back 15

There is no difference

Front 16

What important experiment was carried out by Wohler in 1828?

Back 16

He converted two inorganic compounds, ammonium chloride and silver cyanate, into urea, an organic compund

Front 17

What is the meaning of tertiary when referring to alcohols?

Back 17

It means that the carbon bearing the
-OH group is bonded to three other carbon atoms

Front 18

What is a compound that is composed of only carbon and hydrogen?

Back 18

Hydrocarbon

Front 19

What type of bonds do saturated hydrocarbons contain?

Back 19

Only single

Front 20

What is a saturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain

Back 20

Alkanes

Front 21

What is a cycloalkane?

Back 21

A saturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms in the chain are joined to form a ring

Front 22

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are commonly referred to as what?

Back 22

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Front 23

What are constitutional isomers?

Back 23

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Front 24

ISomers:

Back 24

Structural formulas that have the same order of attachment of atoms represent the same compound; those that have different orders of attachment of atoms represent isomers.

Front 25

What does IUPAC stand for?

Back 25

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. A system for naming organic compouds and was made official in 1892

Front 26

Describe IUPAC

Back 26

Name of an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts:
1. a prefix to show the number of carbon atoms in a chain
2. the suffix -ane to show that the compound is a saturated hydrocarbon

Front 27

what is an alkyl group?

Back 27

A group derived by removing a hydrogen from an alkane

Front 28

What are cis-trans isomers?
Cis= same side (two black hashes)
trans=across from (1 dark and 1 dotted hash)

Back 28

Isomers that have the same order of attachment of their atoms but a different arrangement of their atoms in space due to the presence of either a ring or a carbon carbon double bond

Front 29

Name the most important physical properties of organic compounds.

Back 29

Melting point, boiling point, solubitily and density

Front 30

Alkanes are what type of compounds?

Back 30

They are nonpolar compounds and the only forces of attraction between their molecules are London dispersion forces

Front 31

At room temperature low molecular weight alkanes are________
higher"""_________________
very high______________

Back 31

Gases
liquids
solids

Front 32

For any group of least branched isomers. alkane constitutional isomers generally has the highest/lower boiling point?

Back 32

Highest. The most branched has the lowest boiling point

Front 33

Are all liquid and solid alkanes more or less dense than water?

Back 33

less dense

Front 34

Alkanes are __________in water but______
soluble in each other and in other nonpolar organic solvents such as benzene.

Back 34

insoluble, soluble

Front 35

What does natural gas consist of?

Back 35

90 to 95% methane with lesser amounts of ethane and other lower molecular weight hydrocarbons

Front 36

What is petroleum?

Back 36

A liquid mixture of thousands of different carbons