Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are some of the classifications of lipids?
|
Simple:
-esters of FA with various alcohols -Neutral fat - FA + Glycerol (TAG) -Wax Complex: -Simple + additional non-lipid group -Phospholipid -GLycolipid Derived: -FA, glycerol, steroids, fat soluble vitamins |
|
|
What are FA a precursor to?
|
Triglycerides
Lipoproteins Intracellular protein-membrane Prostaglandins Phospholipid/Glycolipid Oxidation - liver/muscle |
|
|
What are the essential and non-essential FA?
|
Essential:
-Linoleic (18:2) and Linolenic (18:3) Non-Essential: -Palmitic (16:0) -Stearic (18:0) -Oleic (18:1) |
|
|
What are the Saturated, Unsaturated, and Polyunsaturated FA?
|
Saturated - no double bond:
-Palmitic (16C) derived from Palmitolic (16C) -Stearic 18C derived from Oleic 18C Unsaturated - double bonds: Monunsaturated: -Palmitoleic, Oleic Polyunsaturated: -Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidonic -found in vegetable oil |
|
|
What are Delta and Omega?
|
Delta9 = double bond between carbon 9 and 10 counted from side of functional group
Omega9 = double bond between 9 and 10 counting from side opposite of functional group |
|
|
What are some important FA?
|
Butyric Acid (4:0) and Capric Acid (10:0):
-FA with chain lengths of 4-10 C are found in significant quantities in milk Palmitic Acid (16:0): -structural lipids and TAGs contain primarily FA of at least 16 C Arachidonic Acid: -precursor of prostaglandins Linoleic and Linolenic Acid: -essential FA |
|
|
What are Phospholipids and some different types of phospholipids?
|
Phospholipids:
-FA + alcohol + nitrogenous base + phosphoric acid Glycerophospholipids: -FA + glycerol + phosphoric acid + nitrogenous base ex. -Phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) - very important for lung surfactant (lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio should be 2:1 other was ARDS) -Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (cephalin) -Phosphatidyl glycerol -Phosphatidyl inositol -Phosphatidylserine Lysophospholipid = phospholipid - 1 FA ex. Lecithin --> lysolecithin Shingophospholipids: -Sphingosine/Sphingol is the alcohol -FA + choline + phosphoric acid + sphingol ex. ceramide = sphingosine + FA Sphingomyelins = ceramide + phosphocholine |
|
|
What are Glycolipids?
|
Glycosphingolipids - ceramide + one more sugar, NO PHOSPHATE
Cerebroside: -ceramide + one sugar (galact) -found in brain Globoside: -cerebroside + 2 more sugars -found in RBC Ganglioside: -group of sugar + NANA |
|
|
What are some of the conversions of arachidonic acid?
|
Arachidonic forms eicosinoids
Two pathways: arachidonate --> Cycloyxgenase --> prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboaxanes arachindonate --> Lipoxygenase --> Leukotrienes and Lipotoxins Analgesic drugs such as Indomethacin, Aspirin, and Ibuprofin inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclo oxygenase anti-inflammatory corticosteroids inhibit phospholipase A2 preventing the conversion of membrane phospholipids --> arachidonate |
