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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are two main steps in protein synthesis?
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transcription and translation
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Durring which of the two main steps in protein synthesis is mRNA constructed?
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transcription
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which of the two main steps in protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus?
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transcription
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a protein and a polypeptide chain always refer to the same thing? true or false
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false
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ploypeptide chains are constructed on ribosomes. in what two places in the cell can ribosomes be found
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-free floating within the cell
-attached to the outside of the RER |
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where are lipids made
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SER
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one gene codes for what?
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one polypeptide chain
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in what cellular organelle is the energy from nutients converted into energy that can be used by the cell to do work?
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mitochondria
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what is the name for three nitroogenous bases on mRNA that are "read" together?
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codon
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what two things are carried on the tRNA molecule?
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-mRNA
-anticodon |
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what are the three types of chemical bonds with which you should aready be familiar ?
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-covalent
-ionic -hydrogen |
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which of the three type of chemical bonds is the strongest?
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covalent
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list the three subatomis particles and their charges
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-protons +
-neutrons = neutral -electrons - |
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which of the three subatomic particles is involved in the formation of chemical bonds?
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Electrons (-)
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list the functions of proteins
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-P-protection
-R-regulation of acid base balance -E-energy production -S-storage -S-structural and mechanical support -R-regulation -E-enzymatic catalysis -G-growth and repair -C-communication -T-transportation -C-coordinated movement |
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-antibodies
-fibrinogen -thrombin are examples of which protein function? |
Protection
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proteins are an example of which protein function?
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energy production
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-collagen
-keratin are examples of which protein function? |
structural and mechanical support
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enzymes are an example of which protein function?
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Enzymatic Catalysis
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-actin
-myosin are examples of which protein function? |
coordinated movement
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buffers are examples of which protein function?
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regulation of acid base balance
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Lipoproteins are examples of which protein function?
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transportation
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repressor proteins are examples of which protein function?
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Growth and repair
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iron + APOFERRITIN= Ferritin <now able to be stored in the liver. APOFERRITIN is an example of which protein function?
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storage
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neurotransmitters are examples of which protein function?
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communication
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-insulin
-glucagon are examples of which protein function? |
Regulation
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what is the name of the chemical process in which amino acids are joined together?
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dehydration synthesis
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what is the mame of the chemical process in which the bond between amino acids is broken?
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Hydrolysis
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what determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain? Be Specific!!
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1 strand of DNA / 1 gene
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what molecule is removed in dehydration synthesis and what molecule is added in hydrolysis
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water
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what cellular organelle protects the cell from the outside environment?
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plasme membrane
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-contains DNA
-"brain" of the cell |
nucleus
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makes ribosomes
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nucleolus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum ER is made up of two parts
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-RER
-SER |
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contains enzymes that perform specializedtasks like lipid synthesis.
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SER
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carry proteins and lipids to the organelles or cell membrane. ribosomes are attached to this organelle also.
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RER
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digestive system of the cell-enzymes digest food particles
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Lysosome
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-power house of the cell
energy contained by food is released here |
mitochondria
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make proteins for protein synthesis
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ribosomes
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transcription takes place in the cell nucleus- mRNA leaves and travels to the ribosomes. then translation occurs. what process is this
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protein synthesis
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aka: dehydration synthesis
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anabolism
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a substance that can act as an acid or a base to buffer a solution, make it less acidic or less basic.
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Amphoteric substance
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a compound that changes pH slowlyin responce to the addition of strong acid or base
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buffer
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all amino acids exist in sterioisomeric form
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false
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when an amino acid has equal negative charges and positive charges-giving it a net zero charge, it is charged but neutral, it is said to be in what form
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Zwitterion form
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the range of pH values for physiological pH
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7.35-7.45
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the point at which the zwitterion form forms
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isoelectric point
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which steriosomer form of amino acids does the human body utilize
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the LLLLLLLLLLLLL form
the body LLLLLLikes the L form |
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what is required for a protein to posess Quaternary structure?
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more than 1 polypeptide chain
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give the example of a protein with Quaternary structure
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-myoglobin
or -hemoglobin |
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what bonds are associated with the quaternary level of protein structure?
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-hydrogen bonds
-electrostatic bonds -hydrophobic interactions -disulfide bonds |
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what is the process of which the 3-d structureof a protein is destroyed
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denaturation
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what are three denaturing agents
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-alcohol
-heat -urea |
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which type of denaturation occurs under slow mild conditions in which proteins may recover by reversing the condition that caused denaturation
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reversable denaturation
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which type of denaturation cannot be reversed. it is a done deal. its 3-d structure is destroyed and cannot be recovered. EX: fried egg
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irreversable denaturation
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what are three ways in which proteins can be classified.
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-shape
-function -composition |
