Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is obesity?
|
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have adverse effects on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.
|
|
|
Where does the U.S. rank for obesity incidence and where does Oklahoma rank for obesity incidence?
|
1. U.S. is #1 compared to most industrialized countries.
----> Yugoslovia is the most obese country in the world 2. Oklahoma is #4 in the United States |
|
|
Why is having to much fat tissue in your body bad for your health?
|
It leads to degenerative diseases:
Type 2 diabetes is the most common disease result. Almost every organ system is affected by obesity: Pulmonary disease, Liver disease, Gallbladder, Gynecologic, Osteoarthritis, Skin, Gout, Cancer, Pancreatitis, Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Cataracts, Intracranial hypertension ---> Obesity puts the body in a chronic inflammatory stage |
|
|
Why does exercise help with weight control?
|
You have to balance the intake of food with energy expenditure
|
|
|
What kind of activity level are most Americans at? What are the new physical activity guidelines for Americans? What is Canada & the Institute of Medicine recommending?
|
1. Most Americans are sedentary
2. 30 minutes of moderate activity/day 3. 60 minutes of moderate activity/day |
|
|
What kind of coronary heart disease risk is a life style with little of no physical activity producing?
|
A lifestyle with little/no physical activity will have almost twice the risk of developing Coronary Artery Disease.
|
|
|
How does the risk compare with other risk factors and how many Americans are impacted by this risk factor versus the other factors for heart disease?
|
1. it is slightly under those that
-smoke 1 pack per day: 2.5x risk of developing CAD 2. Have high BP: 2X the risk 3. High cholesterol: 2.4X the risk -Approximately 59% of Americans are impacted by the risk factor of no physical activity ---> 41% more than cigarette smokers & 49% more than people with High BP & High Cholesterol |
|
|
Why do we lose fat in the fasting state and what kind of diet produces the best loss of fat tissue?
|
1. In the fasting state we draw on fatty acid energy reserves
-use skeletal proteins (get Glutamine & amin acids for glucose synthesis in the the liver) -Gut enterocytes take up the glutamine to use for DNA and RNA synthesis --> Glutamate is formed--> converted to alpha-ketogluterate by transamination--> burned in the TCA cycle---> Nitrogen becomes alanine -Alanine makes glucose 2. Cutting out the Carbohydrates is the best way to use fatty acid reserves---> Atkins diet |
|
|
What kind of diet can be used to treat epilepsy?
|
A low Gylcemic Index diet is the best
---> put them on the Adkins Diet -High protein with low carbohydrates |
|
|
What kind of weight loss diet produces the best change in the lipid profile?
|
A low carbohydrate diet gives the best change in the lipid profile.
|
|
|
What is diabetes?
|
Diabetes is a disease that affects the ability to lower the levels of glucose within the blood.
|
|
|
Describe Type I Diabetes
|
1. Defective production of insulin secretion
2. Typically NOT associated wit obesity 3. Absence of Beta Cells 4. Typically diagnosed under 40 yrs of age |
|
|
Describe Type II Diabetes
|
1. Can be developed as a result of obesity and the accompanying insulin resistance
2. Impaired Beta Cell function 3. Usually diagnosed OVER 40 years of age |
|
|
What does the glycemic index of food do to experimental animal fat accumulation?
|
High GI diet increases abdominal fat---> Increase the risk factor for heart disease
|
|
|
What are the two major fuels that cancer cells take up?
|
1. Glucose ---> comes out as lactic acid & alanine
2. Glutamine ---> This is the MAIN form of fuel ----> is used to synthesize the DNA |
|
|
What are the two different ways that we can provide nutritional support to patients who can NOT eat?
|
1. Enteral Nutrition --> put formula into the stomach or small intestine via a tube
2. Parenteral nutrition ---> put formula into a vein using an IV |
|
|
What two nutrients are lacking in most nutritional support formulas used in the U.S.?
|
1. Omega-3-Fatty Acids
2. Glutamine |
