Biochemistry Exam Iv - Replication Ii

Front 1

Eukaryotic proofreading DNA polymerases

Back 1

Delta
Gamma
Epsilon

Front 2

This DNA polymerase also has 5'-3' exonuclease activity

Back 2

Epsilon

Front 3

This DNA polymerse has primase activity.

It synthesizes its own primer composed of RNA

Back 3

alpha

Front 4

These DNA polymerases are responsible for Leading/lagging strand synthesis and repair

Back 4

Alpha
Delta
Epsilon

Front 5

This polymerase is only involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Back 5

gamma

Front 6

This polymerase is only involved in repair

Back 6

Beta

Front 7

All Eukaryotic DNA polymerases are found in the nucleas except:

Back 7

gamma

Front 8

_______ binds with helicase, which unwinds the dsDNA molecule

Back 8

Replicating factor A

It is a single-stranded binding protein

Front 9

Primase activity of pol ___ starts up the synthesis of the leading strand

Back 9

alpha

Creates RNA primer and adds small amount of nucleotides to the strand

Front 10

Replicating factor C
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Pol epsilon

Back 10

Replace pol alpha in order to increase processivity

PCNA is a sliding clamp that binds pol epsilon to each interval.

Front 11

Every okazaki fragment requires the switching between pol _ and _

Back 11

Pol alpha followed by delta

Pol delta involves RFC and PCNA

Front 12

Composed of both RNA and protein

Has enzymatic (RTase) activity

Can use RNA to produce DNA

Back 12

Telomerase

Prevents chromosomes from becoming shorter and shorter due to incomplete lagging strand synthesis

Front 13

The RNA will base pair with the 3' end of DNA

What is this 3' end called?

Back 13

the 3' overhang

Telomerase will elongate the parental strand

Front 14

Telomerase shifts by _____ nucleotides and is positioned to synthesize another repeat.

Back 14

six

Front 15

Three cells with high telomerase activity

Back 15

1. Stem cells
2. Germ line cells
3. Cancer cells

Front 16

- Small body size
- Hair turning gray
- Hair loss
- Cataracts
- Osteoporosis
- Atherosclerosis
- Reduced fertility
- Predisposition to sarcomas
- Type II diabetes

Genome is unstable
Reduced rate of cell division

Back 16

Adult progeria (Werner's syndrome: WS)

Free from Alzheimer's and high blood pressure

Autosomal recessive genetic disorder

Hint 16

Mutation in the WRN gene (chromosome 8)
- 3'-5' DNA helicase activity and 3'-5' exonuclease activity

Functinoally interacts with pol delta.

Functionally interacts with Ku, a protein involved in double stranded break repair.

Damaged pol delta and helicase

Front 17

1. DNA polymerase activity
2. No detectable exodeoxyribonuclease activity (does not proofread DNA - rapid mutations)
3. Ribonuclease activity (RNaseH)

Back 17

Properties of reverse transcriptase

Front 18

Proteases
Rtases
Integrases

Produced by....

Back 18

mature retroviral particle

Front 19

1. Nucleotide analogs.
2. Inhibitors that bind to enzymes invovled in replication
3. Inhibitors that bind to or modify DNA

Back 19

Inhibitors of replication

Front 20

1. Conversion of nucleoside to a nucleotide
2. Incorporation into DNA
3. Termination of DNA synthesis

Back 20

Nucleotide analog mechanism.

ex: Azidothymidine (lacks 3' hydroxyl group)

Front 21

1. Binds to and inhibits DNA gyrase
2. Positive supercoiling ahead of replicating fork is not removed
3. Termination of DNA synthesis

Back 21

Mechanism for inhibitors that bind to enzymes involved with replication

Ex: Ciprofloxin

Front 22

The insertion of a molecule between adjacent base-pairs in a DNA molecule

Back 22

Intercalation

Front 23

1. Increases the spacing of the adjacent base-pairs at the site of intercalation

2. Distorts the sugar-phosphate backbone

3. Increases the pitch of the helix

Back 23

Mechanism of inhibitors that bind to or modify DNA

Ex: Ethidium bromide.

Front 24

Alters B form of DNA
- More elongated with more kinks

High concentrations: Totally inhibit replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Moderate concentrations: Generates a frameshift mutation
DNA replication will attempt to insert a nucleotide close to the ethidium bromide molecule

Back 24

Ethiidium bromide

Front 25

Name the transcription factor:

Helicase activity.
Kinase activity.
- RNA pol II is phosphorylated by this factor in certain phases of transcription

Back 25

TFIIH

Front 26

Protein containing RNA molecule.

Catalyzes cleavage reaction

Back 26

RNase P

Front 27

Deamidation of adenine yields....

Back 27

hypoxanthine